According to the United Nations 2019 Revision of World Population Prospects, the proportion of people over 65 years of age is expected to increase from approximately 9% in 2019 to nearly 16% in 2050; thus, global population aging is the greatest challenge for further global public health efforts in the future. Aging is a natural process characterized by progressive functional impairment of tissues and organs and even pathophysiological changes. In particular, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is greatly impacted by aging. A large amount of clinical research has indicated that age-mediated degenerative alterations in the physiological function of the gut can cause a variety of GI diseases, such as polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and tumors. Of these diseases, IBD, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and