Purpose of the review To collect and update published information on the stigma associated with substance abuse in non-clinical samples, which has not been recently reviewed. Recent findings Searching large databases, a total of only 20 studies were published since 1999, with the majority of studies conducted outside the United States. Using major stigma concepts from a sociological framework (stereotyping, devaluation in terms of status loss, discrimination and negative emotional reactions), the studies reviewed predominantly indicated that the public holds very stigmatized views towards individuals with substance use disorders, and that the level of stigma was higher towards individuals with substance use disorders than towards those with other psychiatric disorders. Summary The prevalence of substance use disorders is increasing in the U.S. general population, but these disorders remain seriously under-treated. Stigma can reduce willingness of policy-makers to allocate resources, reduce willingness of providers in non-specialty settings to screen for and address substance abuse problems, and may limit willingness of individuals with such problems to seek treatment. All of these factors may help explain why so few individuals with substance use disorders receive treatment. Public education that reduces stigma and provides information about treatment is needed.

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