Protocols for measuring attentional bias to threat in test-anxiety, a special form of trait-anxiety, are rarely found in the literature. In our eye-tracking study, we introduced a new protocol, and studied the time-course of attention to test-related pictures with varying threat levels in 22 high test-anxious (HTA) and 22 low test-anxious (LTA) subjects. To determine whether attentional bias to test-related pictures is due to test-anxiety and not to state-anxiety, we also included a third group of 22 subjects with high state-anxiety but low test-anxiety (HSA). The subjects completed a free viewing task (FVT) in which high threat-neutral (HT-N) and low threat-neutral (LT-N) picture pairs were presented for 3 s. The results demonstrated that: (1) HTA subjects showed initial orienting to LT pictures, early attentional engagement with HT pictures later on and avoidance of HT pictures at the very end; (2) LTA subjects showed initial orienting to HT pictures and maintenance of attention on them later on; while (3) HSA subjects showed an initial orientation towards LT pictures and maintenance of attention on LT and HT pictures later on. These results suggest that, (high) test-anxiety is also prone to attentional bias towards test-related threat stimuli. Implications for future research are discussed.

Metaphoric competence is an essential part of language concept fluency and communicative competence.Since metaphor is pervasive in language, when Chinese second language (L2) learners are engaged in reading process, one of the barriers to influence their comprehension is metaphor. This paper aims to empirically investigate the relationship between the receptive metaphoric competence and reading proficiency of Chinese learners of English, in order to arouse Chinese English teachers' attention to metaphor instruction. The results show that the two are significantly correlated, however, the metaphoric competence of English learners in China is ranked middle or low, and the L2 learners who are skilled at L2 reading are more inclined to be at a higher level of metaphoric competence.

Adaptive critic designs is a method used to approximate optimal control over time in nonlinear systems, which is suitable for dealing with timevarying complex systems and dynamic varying complex tasks. On the other hand, the boiler combustion system is a typical plant with multiple inputs/multiple outputs, non-linearity and time-delay ， and the coupling relationship between its parameters correlated with combustion process is very anfractuous, so it is very hard to control the combustion process with conventional control methods. This paper uses actiondependent adaptive critic designs to consider the solution of boiler combustion multivariable control systems, realize the emulational control of boiler combustion process, make the main steam pressure around rated value and the furnace negative pressure and the oxygen content in the exhaust gas varied within a certain range, and finally analyze the learning capacity, controlling effect and adaptive capability of the approach.

It is difficult to obtain the accurate mathematical model of the controlled object for the hysteresis nonlinearity of the piezoelectric actuator. An adaptive sliding mode control strategy based on switching gain and boundary layer thickness is proposed. The chattering phenomenon is reduced, and the tracking accuracy is guaranteed, and it has good robustness to external disturbance. The stability of the whole closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov criterion, and the control method is simple and reliable. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Abstract-With the rapid development of the computer technology, the computer specialty has been set up successively like mushrooms after rain in domestic universities. Heilongjiang has geographical advantage because it is located in the border of China and Russia. Training base plays a decisive role in the applied specialties of higher education. This paper has analyzed and researched the education condition of computer in Chinese universities and Russia, introducing the significance in setting up the training base, the connotation construction of training base and the mode of training base construction.