This study aims to investigate the relationship between spousal health and life satisfaction among the elderly as well as the boundary conditions of this relationship. We use a subsample (N = 3532) from the 2011-2012 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The results show that spousal health is positively related to an individual's life satisfaction. This relationship is stronger when one is pessimistic than when he or she is optimistic. In addition, there is a three-way interaction between elderly people's socioeconomic status (SES), their optimism, and their spouse's health so that when optimism is low rather than high, the moderating effect of SES on the relationship between spousal health and life satisfaction is stronger. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

With the increase of haze-fog, it seriously affects the people's quality of life. Most studies link haze-fog to diseases, environmental issues or governance and policy. However, the relationship between haze-fog and psychology and behavior remains relatively underexplored in the psychology literature. Drawing from regulatory focus theory, this paper explores how haze-fog influences individuals' psychological states and behavior. Specifically, we design an experiment to examine how haze-fog influences consumers' desire for money. Results indicate that haze-fog is negatively related to consumers' desire for money (M sunny day = 3.79, M moderate pollution = 3.99, M severe pollution = 5.49, F(2,105) = 10.67, p < 0.01), and the perception of defensive psychology mediates the relationship between haze-fog and consumers' desire for money (95% CI [0.0102, 0.7597]). This paper shows that haze-fog does not only influence our life, but also our purchasing intentions. It reveals that when haze-fog is severe, it evokes consumers' defensive psychology, and then it decreases consumers' desire for money. Future research can focus on the other haze-fog related consumer psychology and explore haze-fog related marketing.