Objective. To study the risk factors of Dupuytren’s contracture (DC) and to provide a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of DC. Methods. The clinical data of 21 DC patients treated with surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao) from March 2014 to January 2022 were collected. During the same period, 31 subjects who were admitted to the hospital for treatment of finger numbness, difficulty in movement, and other reasons were selected as the control group, and the clinical data of the control group were collected. A case-control study was used to analyze the risk factors for DC. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the efficacy of blood biochemical indexes and coagulation-related indexes in predicting the occurrence of DC. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male and diabetes were independent risk factors for the occurrence of DC (HR = 19.69, 95%CI: 3.12–124.19, P = 0.002; HR = 7.61, 95%CI: 1.25–46.47, P = 0.03). The results of the ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the DC predicted by cystatin C was 0.7565 (95%CI: 0.6203–0.8928, P = 0.0018), and the AUC for the DC predicted by blood chloride level was 0.8121 (95%CI: 0.6880–0.9362, P = 0.0002), the AUC for the DC predicted by fibrinogen was 0.7796 (95%CI: 0.6439–0.9152, P = 0.0007), the AUC for the DC predicted by D-dimer level was 0.8740 (95%CI: 0.7812–0.9669, P < 0.0001), and the AUC for the DC predicted by thrombin time was 0.7803 (95%CI: 0.6411–0.9196, P = 0.0007). The AUC for the DC predicted by the combined detection of cystatin C, blood chloride, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and thrombin time was 0.9441 (95%CI: 0.8926–0.9957, P < 0.001). Conclusion. Male and diabetes are independent risk factors for the occurrence of DC. Combined detection of cystatin C, blood chloride, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and thrombin time has a certain value in predicting the occurrence of DC.