In order to improve the accuracy and stability of transplanting machine seedling picking, a seedling pickup mechanism was designed, which was controlled by a controller and driven by brushless DC servo motor. At the same time, the parameters of the seedling manipulator were optimized: the mathematical model for the seedling pickup mechanism was established. According to the predetermined trajectory requirements, the objective function and constraint conditions were proposed, and then the optimal size was obtained by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. At last, Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) software was used to simulate and analyze the kinematics and trajectory of the seedling pickup mechanism, and the mechanism was tested to verify the effectiveness of the mechanism prototype. The experiments showed that the success rate of seedling picking was 94.32%, the rate of acceptably planted seedlings was 96.67%, and the rate of excellently planted seedlings was 63.48%.

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In order to solve the problem of poor working performance due to incidental picking-up loss of a spring-tooth drum pickup, the coupling analysis approach of Automated Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) was proposed to reveal its motion characteristics. The coupled ADAMS-DEM method was used to construct the pickup simulation model with rice straw as the object. The validation tests were carried out in the field with different operating forward speeds and straw coverages. The results showed that when the baler worked with a rake, the straw loss rate tended to rise with the increase of the operating speed and the straw coverage. Tests results indicated periodic peaks and valleys of the forces between the rollers and the track chute, which could increase the wear of the track chute. In addition, the movement and variation of the straw and the distribution of different straw lengths after picking up were analyzed. The research results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of a pickup in the later period.

Cultivation and hilling are important steps in crop field management and provide an important guarantee of crop quality and quantity. With the aim of addressing how the soil flow direction of a traditional cultivation and hilling machine is difficult to control, and because it is difficult to achieve high ridge soil cultivation, among other issues, the components of the soil flow direction control of a hilling machine was designed. The components of the soil flow direction control consisted of a soil-feeding plough device, spiral knives and guide cover devices, etc. The design and analysis of the guiding parts for the two tools of the soil-feeding plough device and the spiral knife were performed to obtain an appropriate guide wall and helix angle. The guiding principle in the flow direction control components was analyzed. The design of the guide wall adopts the torsional columnar plough surface, and the elementary line angle changes from stable to increasing. The analysis of spiral milling showed that when the spiral angle is large, the milling effect is better. According to the discrete element method, the working part of the machine-soil interaction model was established. EDEM software was used to simulate the control components for the soil flow direction of the hilling machine for compound cutting. The design method with a two-factor comprehensive test was used to study the linear velocity along the outer part of the spiral knife and the influence of the forward velocity of machine of the implement on the soil cultivation effect. The results of the discrete element simulation showed that both the linear velocity along the outer part of the spiral knife and the forward velocity of the machine have extremely significant effects on the transportation of particles to the ridge top and the hilling thickness. Following multiple comparisons of the average hilling thickness with different linear velocities along with the outer spiral knife and different forward velocities of the machine, it is concluded that the performance of the machine is better when the linear velocity along the outer spiral knife is 3.01 m/s and the forward velocity of the machine is 0.7 m/s. The research conclusion had great theoretical value and practical significance for the design of the machine, which worked for cultivation and hilling.