Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cellular and systemic functions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a mechanism to fine-tune numerous biological processes by controlling gene expression. LncRNAs have emerged as important regulators in cholesterol homeostasis. Dysregulation of lncRNAs expression is associated with lipid-related diseases, suggesting that manipulating the lncRNAs expression could be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate liver disease progression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, given the high-abundant lncRNAs and the poor genetic conservation between species, much work is required to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. In this review, we highlighted the latest advances in the pivotal role and mechanism of lncRNAs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in lipid-related diseases and may offer potential therapeutic targets for treating lipid-related diseases.

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Liver inflammation is a universal characteristic of chronic liver diseases. NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor that recognizes various endogenous danger signals and environmental irritants, contributing to the formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to the progression of various liver diseases and is strongly associated with replicating COVID-19, which is still spreading globally. The assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver diseases aggravate inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, and this effect is abolished by genetic or pharmacologic deletion of NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we summarized the latest advances in the critical regulatory role of NLRP3 inflammasome in a variety of liver diseases, including COVID-19 induced liver diseases, NAFLD, ALD, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, we also discuss small-molecule inhibitors identifying the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling are novel therapeutic targets in treating liver diseases. Our review provides novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in liver diseases and may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating liver diseases by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.