Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar erosões em bacia hidrográfica e avaliar práticas conservacionistas de manejo do solo para a recuperação da degradação, por meio do monitoramento de indicadores de qualidade de água e por imagens de satélites. O monitoramento, por um período de 14 anos, foi realizado em 14.076 ha da bacia do Rio do Peixe, selecionada por ser a mais degradada do Estado de São Paulo, que abrangem 176 propriedades agrícolas exploradas basicamente com pastagens e café. Destas, 82 apresentaram algum tipo de erosão, além de 12 trechos de estradas municipais que contribuíram com processos erosivos nas áreas agrícolas. As práticas de manejo conservacionista do solo e da água implantadas em 86 propriedades da bacia permitem alteração positiva da paisagem e de rendimento da atividade agrícola, mudança comprovada pelas imagens aéreas e pelos indicadores de qualidade da água. A metodologia apresentada de monitoramento e de reabilitação agroambiental é viável e pode contribuir para o manejo e o monitoramento de microbacias.Termos para indexação: assoreamento, bacia hidrográfica, cobertura vegetal, conservação do solo, erosão hídrica, imagem aérea. Agri-environmental diagnostic and rehabilitation in a stretch of a hydrographic basin assessed by remote sensing and water turbidityAbstract -The objective of this work was to diagnose erosions in a hydrographic basin and to evaluate conservationist soil management practices for degradation recovery, by monitoring water quality indicators and satellite images. Monitoring was done for 14 years in 14,076 ha of the basin of Rio do Peixe, which was selected for being the most degraded one in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, circumscribing 176 farms, basically explored with pastures and coffee. Out of these farms, 82 showed some kind of erosion, besides 12 stretches of municipal roads that contributed to the erosion processes in the agricultural areas. The conservationist soil and water management practices established in 86 of the farms at the basin allow positive changes on the landscape and on the income from agricultural activity, which were shown in the aerial photos and by the water quality indicators. The adopted monitoring and agri-environmental rehabilitation methodologies are viable and may contribute to managing and monitoring microbasins.
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