Migraine is a multifactorial disease characterized by recurrent headaches and has complex neuronal and vascular mechanisms, including a wide range of clinical symptoms and other ocular findings. During migraine attacks in migraine sufferers, the accommodative response increases significantly. Migraine sufferers are predisposed to have a subtle deficit in binocular vision coordination, reduced stereopsis, reduced fixation disparity, slightly higher prevalence of heterophoria, and reduced stereopsis. Convergence insufficiency can be associated with migraine and may be the persistent cause of reduced visual functioning. Binocular vision coordination difficulties are the most common findings among migraine sufferers.

Assisted reproductive technology is used worldwide to achieve pregnancy for millions of childless couples and help them to give birth to a healthy baby of their own. Many ocular changes and undesirable effects of the techniques used in this procedure were seen in mothers and infants. There is much evidence on the ocular anomalies reported in children born through ART. Studies stated reduced visual acuity, anisometropia, and other ocular manifestations which occur early during the embryogenesis process or it may be related to the risk factors which influenced the development of child during these pregnancies. This review highlights the ocular changes seen in children born through Assisted Reproductive Technologies.