Background and purpose: Accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid b (Ab)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silibinin improves Ab-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the effect of silibinin on the memory impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress induced by Ab25-35 in mice. , once a day, p.o.) was started immediately after the injection of Ab25-35. Locomotor activity was evaluated 6 days after the Ab25-35 treatment, and cognitive function was evaluated in a Y-maze and novel object recognition tests 6-11 days after the Ab25-35 treatment. The levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus were measured 7 days after the Ab25-35 injection. Key results: Silibinin prevented the memory impairment induced by Ab25-35 in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Repeated treatment with silibinin attenuated the Ab25-35-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus. Conclusions and implications:Silibinin prevents memory impairment and oxidative damage induced by Ab25-35 and may be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.

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AQP2 mediates E(2)-enhanced migration, invasion, and adhesion through alteration of F-actin and annexin-2 expression and reorganization of F-actin, and inhibition of AQP may be a potential method for antitumor therapy.

Estrogen induces AQP1 expression by activating ERE in the promoter of the Aqp1 gene, resulting in tubulogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the angiogenic effects of estrogen.

Chemotherapy leads to a loss of fertility and reproductive endocrine function, thereby increasing the risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). Studies have suggested that the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells could inhibit apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells and improve follicular development. In the present study, the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation on ovarian function after ovarian damage caused by chemotherapy and the mechanism underlying these effects were investigated. POF model rats were obtained by the intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, and cultured UCMSCs were transplanted by tail vein injection. Serum estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and anti-Mullerian hormone levels were detected by ELISA. Folliculogenesis was evaluated by histopathological examination. The expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), high affinity nerve growth factor receptor (TrkA), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and caspase-3 were evaluated by western blotting and RT-qPCR. The natural reproductive capacity was assessed by pregnant rate and numbers of embryos. The results indicated that UCMSC transplantation recovered disturbed hormone secretion and folliculogenesis in POF rats. NGF and TrkA levels increased, while FSHR and caspase-3 decreased. The pregnancy rate of POF rats was improved. Therefore, UCMSCs could reduce ovarian failure due to premature senescence caused by chemotherapy, and the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway was involved in the amelioration of POF.