Background. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of noncoding RNAs and exosomes in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, exosomal-associated competing endogenous RNA- (ceRNA-) mediated regulatory mechanisms in CHD are largely unexplored. The present study aimed to explore exosomal-associated ceRNA networks in CHD. Methods. Data from 6 CHD patients and 32 normal controls were downloaded from the ExoRBase database. CHD and normal controls were compared by screening differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs), lncRNAs (DELs), and circRNAs (DECs) in serum exosomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting DEMs were predicted using the Targetscan and miRanda databases, and miRNAs targeted by DELs and DECs were predicted using the miRcode and starBase databases, respectively. The biological functions and related signaling pathways of DEMs were analyzed using the David and KOBAS databases. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen out on which hub genes enrichment analyses should be performed, and a ceRNA network (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) was constructed to elucidate ceRNA axes in CHD. Results. A total of 312 DEMs, 43 DELs, and 85 DECs were identified between CHD patients and normal controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEMs were significantly enriched in “chromatin silencing at rDNA,” “telomere organization,” and “negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic.” PPI network analysis showed that 25 hub DEMs were closely related to CHD, of which ubiquitin C (UBC) was the most important. Hub genes were mainly enriched in “cellular protein metabolic process” functions. The exosomal-associated ceRNA regulatory network incorporated 48 DEMs, 73 predicted miRNAs, 10 DELs, and 15 DECs. The LncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction axes (RPL7AP11/hsa-miR-17-5p/UBC and RPL7AP11/hsa-miR-20b-5p/UBC) were obtained from the network. Conclusions. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the potential role of exosomal-associated ceRNA network regulation of the pathogenesis of CHD.

Human hereditary epilepsy has been found related to ion channel mutations in voltage-gated channels (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-), ligand gated channels (GABA receptors), and G-protein coupled receptors, such as Mass1. In addition, some transmembrane proteins or receptor genes, including PRRT2 and nAChR, and glucose transporter genes, such as GLUT1 and SLC2A1, are also about the onset of epilepsy. The discovery of these genetic defects has contributed greatly to our understanding of the pathology of epilepsy. This review focuses on introducing and summarizing epilepsy-associated genes and related findings in recent decades, pointing out related mutant genes that need to be further studied in the future.

Background: Accumulating evidence has indicated that the importance of noncoding RNAs and exosomes in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the exosomal-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulatory mechanism in CHD is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore exosomal-associated ceRNA network in CHD.Methods: The dataset, including 6 CHD patients and 32 normal controls, were downloaded from the ExoRBase database. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs), lncRNAs (DELs) and circRNAs (DECs) in the serum exosomes between CHD and normal controls were screened. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting DEMs were predicted by Targetscan and miRanda, miRNAs targeting DELs and DECs were predicted with miRcode and starBase, respectively. The biological functions and related signal pathways of DEMs were analyzed using David and KOBAS database. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen out hub genes, enrichment analyses of hub genes were performed and the ceRNA network (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) was constructed to elucidate ceRNA axes in CHD.Results: A total of 312 DEMs, 43 DELs and 85 DECs were identified between CHD patients and normal controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEMs were significantly enriched in “chromatin silencing at rDNA”, “telomere organization”, “negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic”. The PPI network analysis showed that 25 hub DEMs were closely related to CHD, of which, ubiquitin C (UBC) was the most important. The biological function of hub genes showed that they were mainly enriched in “cellular protein metabolic process”. The exosomal-associated ceRNA regulatory network incorporated 48 DEMs, 72 predicted miRNAs, 10 DELs and 15 DECs. LncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction axes (RPL7AP11/hsa-miR-17-5p/UBC, RPL7AP11/hsa-miR-20b-5p/UBC) were obtained from the network. Conclusions: Our findings have provided a novel perspective on the potential roles of exosomal-associated ceRNA network regulating the pathogenesis of CHD.

Background: Accumulating evidence has indicated that the importance of noncoding RNAs and exosomes in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the exosomal-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulatory mechanism in CHD is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore exosomal-associated ceRNA network in CHD.Methods: The dataset, including 6 CHD patients and 32 normal controls, were downloaded from the ExoRBase database. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs), lncRNAs (DELs) and circRNAs (DECs) in the serum exosomes between CHD and normal controls were screened. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting DEMs were predicted by Targetscan and miRanda, miRNAs targeting DELs and DECs were predicted with miRcode and starBase, respectively. The biological functions and related signal pathways of DEMs were analyzed using David and KOBAS database. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen out hub genes, enrichment analyses of hub genes were performed and the ceRNA network (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) was constructed to elucidate ceRNA axes in CHD.Results: A total of 312 DEMs, 43 DELs and 85 DECs were identified between CHD patients and normal controls. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEMs were significantly enriched in “chromatin silencing at rDNA”, “telomere organization”, “negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic”. The PPI network analysis showed that 25 hub DEMs were closely related to CHD, of which, ubiquitin C (UBC) was the most important. The biological function of hub genes showed that they were mainly enriched in “cellular protein metabolic process”. The exosomal-associated ceRNA regulatory network incorporated 48 DEMs, 72 predicted miRNAs, 10 DELs and 15 DECs. LncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction axes (RPL7AP11/hsa-miR-17-5p/UBC, RPL7AP11/hsa-miR-20b-5p/UBC) were obtained from the network. Conclusions: Our findings have provided a novel perspective on the potential roles of exosomal-associated ceRNA network regulating the pathogenesis of CHD.