Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant stress responses and development. However, how the ABA signal is transmitted in response to stresses remains largely unclear, especially in monocots. In this study, we found that rice () OsPM1 (PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN1), encoded by a gene of AWPM-19 like family, mediates ABA influx through the plasma membrane. is predominantly expressed in vascular tissues, guard cells, and mature embryos. Phenotypic analysis of overexpression, RNA interference (RNAi), and knockout (KO) lines showed that OsPM1 is involved in drought responses and seed germination regulation.H-(±)ABA transport activity and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays both demonstrated that OsPM1 facilitates ABA uptake into cells. The physiological isomer of ABA, (+)-ABA, is the preferred substrate of OsPM1. Higher ABA accumulation and faster stomatal closure in response to ABA treatment were observed in the overexpression lines compared with the wild-type control. Many ABA-responsive genes were upregulated more in the -overexpression lines but less in the RNAi lines compared with wild-type plants. Further investigation revealed that expression is regulated by the AREB/ABF family transcription factor OsbZIP46. Our results thus revealed that OsPM1 is an ABA influx carrier that plays an important role in drought responses.

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This paper presents Pyramid, a novel layered model for Nested Named Entity Recognition (nested NER). In our approach, token or text region embeddings are recursively inputted into L flat NER layers, from bottom to top, stacked in a pyramid shape. Each time an embedding passes through a layer of the pyramid, its length is reduced by one. Its hidden state at layer l represents an l-gram in the input text, which is labeled only if its corresponding text region represents a complete entity mention. We also design an inverse pyramid to allow bidirectional interaction between layers. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art F1 scores in nested

ANAC072 positively regulates both age- and dark-induced leaf senescence through activating the transcription of NYE1. Leaf senescence is integral to plant development, which is age-dependent and strictly regulated by internal and environmental signals. Although a number of senescence-related mutants and senescence-associated genes (SAGs) have been identified and characterized in the past decades, the general regulatory network of leaf senescence is still far from being elucidated. Here, we report the role of ANAC072, an SAG identified through bioinformatics analysis, in the regulation of chlorophyll degradation during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence. The expression of ANAC072 was increased with advancing leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Leaf degreening was significantly delayed under normal or dark-induced conditions in anac072-1, a knockout mutant of ANAC072, with a higher chlorophyll level detected. In contrast, an overexpression mutant, anac072-2, with ANAC072 transcription markedly upregulated, showed an early leaf-yellowing phenotype. Consistently, senescent leaves of the loss-of-function mutant anac072-1 exhibited delays in the decrease of photosynthesis efficiency of photosystem II (F v/F m ratio) and the increase of plasma membrane ion leakage rate as compared with corresponding leaves of wild-type Col-0 plants, whereas the overexpression mutant anac072-2 showed opposite changes. Our data suggest that ANAC072 plays a positive role during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence. In addition, the transcript level of NYE1, a key regulatory gene in chlorophyll degradation, relied on the function of ANAC072. Combining these analyses with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that ANAC072 directly bound to the NYE1 promoter in vitro and in vivo, so ANAC072 may promote chlorophyll degradation by directly upregulating the expression of NYE1.