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This paper states the role of burden in abuse of PWD, while resilience and social support are abuse protective factors. These variables should be considered in future guidelines for the prevention of abuse against PWD.

To assess the effects of plasma exchange on the hemodynamic performance of septic patients, we studied 12 septic patients (11 males and 1 female, age range 19-64, mean 39 ± 17 years). After cardiovascular stabilization, plasma exchange was performed in the spontaneous mode via a femorofemoral arteriovenous shunt; during the treatment the infusion rate of cardiovascular drugs and the mechanical ventilation setting were not modified. Heart rate, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance did not change significantly. The stroke volume index increased significantly (from 49 ± 9 to 60 ± 9 ml/min/m²; p < 0.05) as well as the cardiac index (from 5.5 ± 1.2 to 6.3 ± 0.8 liters/min/m², the oxygen delivery (from 785 ± 166 to 872 ± 118 ml/min/m²; p < 0.05), and the left ventricular stroke work index/pulmonary artery occlusion pressure ratio (from 4.03 ± 1.92 to 5.07 ± 2.54; p < 0.05). The oxygen consumption did not change. Four patients survived. In conclusion, in our patients plasma exchange was associated with an improvement in cardiac function, possibly due to the elimination of some sepsis mediator(s) with negative inotropic properties.