Determination of heavy metals in soils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) usually involves the time-consuming step of preparing a solution of the solid that is then nebulized into the plasma. According to regulations, digestion by aqua regia (hydrochloric acid + nitric acid, 3 + 1) should be carried out although it is known that this method is incomplete for silicate soils. The problem can be eliminated by introducing the solid directly into the plasma using the laser ablation technique for sampling.Results are described for a study of laser ablation using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser coupled with a new echelle spectrometer which has a multichannel solid-state detector. The laser pulses were focused onto the solid surface of pressed soil samples to generate an aerosol which is entrained in a flowing Ar stream, transported through a tube and then introduced directly into the inductively coupled plasma. Some characteristics of the preparation technique, the selection of an internal standard and homogeneity tests of the elemental distribution are reported along with a comparison and evaluation of three methods of calibration. The criteria used to measure the performance of laser ablation ICP-AES are the relative standard deviations obtained of 4.9-12.7% and the accuracy, O.3-12A0/o for Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni.

The traditional wet-chemical analysis of glasses is time consuming because of the laborious sample preparation, sequential determinations, repetitive measurements and manual work in general. Alternative methods are inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) without and with laser ablation. Inductively coupled plasma AES and ICP-MS are suitable for dissolvable glasses and both are rapid and precise methods. Laser micro-analysis ICP-AES and laser ablation ICP-MS offer direct solid sampling, rapid, quantitative multi-element analysis and ease of application from set-up to final report. Analytical results for three fluorophosphate glasses obtained by five methods are compared.

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Einsatz yon Laser-Rlikrospektralanalyse und UR 10-Mikroeinrichtung bei der Bestimmung kristalliner Einschliisse in BergkristallenDurch den kombinierten Einsatz der Laser-Mikroemissionsspektralanalyse und dcr Mikroabsorptionsanalyse im Ultraroten konnte eine exakte Bestimmung versch iedener Einschlusse in Bergkristallen durchgefuhrt werden.