This article describes the family quality of life among families who are raising a young child with autism spectrum disorder. Survey research was conducted with 180 families of children with autism spectrum disorder who were receiving disability-related services in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The principle measure used was the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale to assess five subdomains: family interaction, parenting, emotional well-being, material/physical well-being, and disability-related support. Results indicated that families felt the most satisfied with disability-related support and the least satisfied with the family's emotional well-being. Family income, family type, and the severity level of autism were significantly associated with how satisfied families felt about their quality of life.

A higher frequency of regular family routines was strongly associated with a higher satisfaction level of FQOL. Also, cognitive appraisal of the impact of ASD acted as a mechanism through which the regularity of family routines influenced FQOL. We discuss the research and clinical implications of these findings.

ABBREVIATIONS fPRC Family of participation-related constructs LMICs Low-and middle-income countries AIM The purpose of this scoping review was to describe and map the literature available on the participation of young people (0-21y) with disabilities and/or chronic conditions living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHOD A systematic search and selection process identified 78 publications. Descriptive data were extracted using a data-charting form, and studies were mapped using the family of participation-related constructs framework. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that, although the published evidence is steadily increasing, the participation research on this vulnerable population is still either absent or very scarce in the majority of LMICs, and very little is known about the participation of children with chronic health conditions. Most studies included in this review focused on attendance or 'being there'. INTERPRETATION Although attendance is an important aspect, more needs to be done to understand children's experiences or involvement while attending, thus capturing both dimensions of participation.

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