The path following control problem of the underactuated unmanned surface vessel (USV) is studied in this paper. An improved line-of-sight (LOS

A robust adaptive fuzzy neural network control (RAFNNC) algorithm is proposed based on a generalized dynamic fuzzy neural network (GDFNN), proportion-integral-differential (PID), and improved bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm, for heading the control of the unmanned marine vehicle (UMV) in the presence of a complex environment disturbance. First, the inverse dynamic model of the motion control of UMV is established based on the GDFNN for the uncertain disturbance caused by the complex environment disturbance. Then, the adaptive rate of the fuzzy neural network is designed based on the error between the real UMV heading angle and designed reference heading angle, so as to further adjust the weight parameter of the GDFNN, and then, the output control value of the neural network is obtained. In order to further reduce the computation amount and computation time of the RAFNNC, the parameters of the PID control algorithm were optimized in advance by using the improved BFO algorithm. The fractal dimension step size and the intelligent probe operation are integrated into the BFO algorithm, in order to optimize the operation time and accuracy of the algorithm. Stability of the designed RAFNNC algorithm for the heading control of the UMV in the presence of complex marine environment disturbance is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory, and the effectiveness and accuracy of the control algorithm proposed are verified by semi-physical simulation experiment carried out in our laboratory. INDEX TERMS Unmanned marine vehicle (UMV), heading control, robust adaptive fuzzy neural network control (RAFNNC), generalized dynamic fuzzy neural network (GDFNN), bacterial foraging optimization (BFO).

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Eighteen out of 45 children were reported to have a respiratory illness during an outbreak at a temporary dormitory in a nursery school in China in 2011. To study the outbreak and to determine the risk factors for infection, an epidemiological investigation was performed. A standardized questionnaire was completed for a total of 45 children with the help of their guardians and parents. In addition, acute-and convalescent-phase serum samples and throat swabs from the children were taken for laboratory diagnosis. The diagnosis of a Mycoplasma-like illness was based on the following clinical criteria. The criteria were onset of illness after 31 May 2011, characterized by a cough, fever(>37.5°C), or at least 3 of the following symptoms: fever, sore throat, cough or expectoration, and runny or stuffy nose. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), determination of MICs, and sequencing were performed to determine the genotype, antibiotic resistance, and sequence polymorphisms of the isolated strains, respectively. The paired sera revealed that 15 patients were infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Epidemiology confirmed that this was a point source outbreak, characterized by a short incubation period, a high secondary attack rate, and a long period of hospitalization. PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that the 12 isolated strains of M. pneumoniae shared the same subtype P1 gene, and 23S rRNA sequence analysis showed that these strains harbored two macrolide-resistant gene-related point mutations at position 2063 and 2617. In this outbreak, the major risk factor was the distance between the bed of the first patient and the beds of close contacts (beds less than three meters apart). The strains isolated in this study were found to harbor two point mutations conferring macrolide resistance, indicating the importance of pathogen and drug resistance surveillance systems.

We report an atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O127a:K63 strain with resistance to quinolones and extendedspectrum cephalosporins isolated from a 2010 food poisoning outbreak involving 112 adults in China. Two resistance genes [bla CTX-M-15 , aac(6=)-Ib-c] and five mutations (two in gyrA, two in parC, one in parE) coexisted in this enteropathogenic E. coli strain. Food poisoning from multidrug-resistant strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli has received considerable public attention, especially since the large outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by E. coli O104:H4 in Germany in 2011 (12). Extended-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones are widely used for diarrheagenic E. coli, but E. coli isolates are increasingly resistant to these antimicrobials (11). Here, we report the isolation of an E. coli strain harboring virulence genes and genes conferring resistance to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins from a 2010 food poisoning outbreak involving 112 adult students in China.On 16 September 2010, 112 students (18 to 23 years old) from a university in Zhengzhou, China, experienced diarrhea and other enterogastritis symptoms after eating in the same dining room the previous evening. Seventy-eight (70%) students were hospitalized, and 27 of these students experienced serious symptoms, including stomachache, fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea (Ͼ5 times/day). Twenty-eight stool specimens were collected from these 27 inpatients within 24 h after admission for laboratory testing. The suspected pathogenic bacteria were isolated through standard procedures on conventional selective media, and the isolated strains were identified using a commercial biochemical test (API 20E system; bioMérieux Vitek, France). Serotyping was carried out by slide agglutination with a conventional E. coli antiserum kit (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan). Sixteen strains of enteropathogenic E. coli serotype O127a:K63 were isolated from the stool specimens. Results of epidemiologic investigation and laboratory tests indicated that this food poisoning outbreak was due to the enteropathogenic E. coli O127a:K63.One 20-year-old male patient had especially severe symptoms, including persistent abdominal cramps with severe paroxysmal pain and abnormal blood test results. Between 16 September and 27 September, he was hospitalized twice for diarrhea. His symptoms were controlled with intravenous administration of levofloxacin and cefpiramide sodium and supportive treatment, and he was released from the hospital. We followed up with this patient for 1 year and found that he often experienced stomachaches, hiccups, nausea, and other symptoms of chronic enterogastritis. Further clinical investigation excluded other chronic or immunerelated diseases (e.g., cancer, hepatitis, and HIV infection); therefore, the chronic enterogastritis appeared to be related to the food poisoning caused by enteropathogenic E. coli.The two suspected isolates obtained from stool specimens during this patient's hospitalizations were identified as enter...