ABSTRACT. Chitosan is a biopolymer of wide application due to its characteristics and non-toxicity, presenting antimicrobial, antitumoral and cicatrizing activities. It is currently used as emulsifier, metal's chelating, edible biofilm and fat reducer. The variation in the deacetylation degree of this polymer gives differentiated functional properties. It is mainly obtained from crustaceans, but fish scales are also a potential source of this product, despite neglected so far. The aim of this study was to develop a method for chitin extraction and deacetylation for chitosan obtaining from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scales. Characterization showed that chitosan was completely purified. The chitin infrared spectrum presented a characteristic larger band in the region of 3,500 cm -1 , due to axial stretching vibrations of the OH group been completely purified, which disappeared in the chitin spectrum. However, a new band aroused at 1,640 cm -1 due to the NH2 deformation, which predominated over the band at 1,655 cm -1 , associated to the carbonyl (C=O) that tends to decrease, as the degree of deacetylation of chitosan increases. All bands observed were similar to those described in the literature. Although the yields were lower than the averages usually reported for crustaceans, they can be improved to obtain higher yields and deacetylation. Keywords: fish residue, chitin, chitosan, infrared, deacetylation, chemical processes.Proceso alcalino para la extracción de quitina y producción de quitosano a partir de escamas de tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)RESUMEN. El quitosano es un biopolímero de amplia aplicación debido a sus características y no toxicidad, presentando actividad antimicrobiana, antitumoral y cicatrizante. Actualmente se utiliza como emulsionante, quelante de metales, biopelícula comestible y reductor de grasas. La variación en el grado de desacetilación de este polímero ofrece diferentes propiedades funcionales. Se obtiene principalmente de crustáceos, pero las escamas de pescado también son una fuente potencial de este producto, proceso descuidado hasta ahora. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un método para la extracción de quitina y desacetilación de quitosano a partir de escamas de tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Esta caracterización mostró que el quitosano fue completamente purificado. El espectro infrarrojo de la quitina presentó una ancha banda característica en la región de 3,500 cm -1, debido a vibraciones del estiramiento axial del grupo OH que ha sido completamente purificado, que desapareció en el espectro de la quitina. Sin embargo, se observó una nueva banda a 1,640 cm -1 causada por la deformación de NH2 que predominó sobre la banda de 1,655 cm -1 , asociada al carbonilo (C=O) que tiende a disminuir y al aumento del grado de desacetilación del quitosano. Todas las bandas observadas fueron similares a las descritas en la literatura. Aunque los rendimientos fueron menores que los promedios reportados generalmente para crustáceos, ellos se pueden mejo...
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