Introduction: After treating a child with familial sagittal craniosynostosis, clinocephaly, and bilateral parietomastoid/posterior squamosal suture fusion, the authors wondered if major-suture synostosis and clinocephaly were associated with abnormal fusion of minor lateral calvarial sutures. Methods: The authors reviewed all preoperative volume-rendered head computed tomography reconstructions performed for craniosynostosis at their institution from 2010 through 2014 and determined whether the sphenoparietal, squamosal, and parietomastoid sutures were open, partially fused, or fused. The authors determined whether any sutures were abnormally fused based upon a previous study from their center, in which abnormal fusion was defined as either 1 of 3 abnormal fusion patterns or abnormally-early fusion. The authors then determined the rate of abnormal fusion of these sutures and whether abnormal fusion was associated with (1) major-suture craniosynostosis, (2) type of craniosynostosis (sutures involved; single-suture versus multisuture; syndromic versus nonsyndromic), and (3) clinocephaly. Results: In 97 included children, minor lateral sutures were abnormally fused in 8, or 8.2%, which was significantly higher than in children without craniosynostosis from our earlier study. Abnormal minor lateral suture fusion was not associated with the type of single-suture synostosis or with multisuture synostosis but was associated with syndromic synostosis. Four of 8 children with abnormal minor lateral suture fusion had multisuture synostosis and 6 had syndromic synostosis. Lateral sutures were abnormally fused in 1 of 4 subjects with clinocephaly, which was not significant. Conclusion: Abnormal minor lateral calvarial suture fusion is significantly associated with major-suture craniosynostosis, especially syndromic synostosis.

In recent years, anthropogenic actions have intensified forest fragmentation, causing several damages to the landscape's natural components, as the loss of biodiversity. This study aims to present an analysis of the forest fragments in a conservation unit located at southern of Brazil. The evaluation was carried out for the years 1998, 2008 and 2018, by using landscape metrics and classification of remote sensing imagery of the Landsat satellite. The following metrics were analyzed: area and edge, shape, core area, and aggregation. The results indicated an increase of 16.88% in the total area of vegetation, and the percentage of fragments increased from 16.16% to 18.89%. The number of fragments decreased, resulting in an increase of the mean area in 5.4 ha. The percentage of vegetation under border effect changed from 40.2% to 37.1%. In 1998, the average nearest neighbor distance was 155.4 m, and in 2018, 149.7 m. However, this distance is still classified as a high degree of isolation, which hinders the movement of organisms and the dispersion of species. Thus, all the analyzed metrics indicated a decrease in the fragmentation, except for the edge density metric, in which its increase of 1.86 pointed to a lower degree of conservation during the analyzed period. A study of this nature is important since it provides subsidies for future researches and can contribute to action strategies to be adopted in the management plan of the area.

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As áreas urbanas influenciam o microclima local em virtude da supressão da vegetação ou substituição dos campos agrícolas por áreas altamente impermeabilizadas. Essas modificações da paisagem afetam a temperatura de superfície terrestre (TST), que pode ser estimada por dados do infravermelho termal. No que se refere a áreas verdes, podem ser analisadas com o Índice de Vegetação de Diferença Normalizada. Ao espacializar estes índices com dados de imagens do satélite Landsat 8, pôde-se avaliar a relação entre eles nos perímetros urbanos de Maringá e Londrina, estado do Paraná. Foi possível determinar o grau de interferência da vegetação sobre a temperatura de superfície, quantificada por meio do Índice de Correlação de Spearman e da autocorrelação espacial global e local. Os resultados revelaram grau de correlação bem semelhante para as duas áreas, sendo de -0.81 e -0.84, respectivamente, para Maringá e Londrina, indicando que em ambas cidades os parâmetros estão fortemente correlacionados. Em termos espaciais, no entanto, verificou-se que em Londrina não há concentração de áreas verdes suficiente para atenuar a TST nas regiões mais urbanizadas, diferentemente do que ocorre em Maringá, em que a presença de cobertura vegetal atenua as altas temperaturas, influenciando o microclima local e contribuindo para o conforto térmico.