The main aim of this study was to perform an integrative review on the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from resin‐matrix composites and potential toxic effects. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed platform using the following keywords: “Bisphenol A" OR “BPA” AND “resin composite” OR “composite resin” AND “toxicity” OR “cytotoxicity” OR “release”. Inclusion criteria involved in vitro and in vivo studies on the release and toxicity of BPA. Results highlighted the release of BPA from resin‐matrix composites due to insufficient polymerization and/or degradation of the polymeric matrix. BPA is part of the organic matrix of resin‐matrix composites and may be hydrolysed in human saliva, although studies report that low doses might not be detected by traditional chemical analysis. Studies exposing zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of Bis‐GMA, showed 55% mortality at 10 μM Bis‐GMA while 30% mortality was recorded at 1 μM Bis‐GMA. In patients, a BPA concentration of around 2.09 × 10−2 μg/ml was found in the saliva after placement of lingual orthodontic retainers with resin‐matrix composites. Also, the BPA molecule can be swallowed and absorbed by the oral/gastrointestinal mucosa, which might result in systemic toxicity. The degradation of resin‐matrix composites and release of BPA in oral environment are dependent on the organic matrix content and on the polymerization method. A increased release of BPA can lead to the absorption into oral and gastrointestinal mucosa with high risks of local and systemic toxicity.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of aesthetic restorative resin-matrix materials after their immersion in different dietary and therapeutic solutions. Thirty disc-shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) were prepared from three different types of resin-matrix composites used in dentistry (BE, FS, AF). The color coordinates (L*a*b*, ΔL*, Δa*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE*) were measured using a VITA Easyshade 3D-Master (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) before and after the immersion of the specimens in coffee, red wine, Coca-Cola®, Eludril Care®, and distilled water solutions for 40 h. The color change (ΔE*) was calculated and analyzed by the Kolmogorov -Smirnov test and the Kruskal -Wallis multiple-comparison test. All the restorative materials showed significant color (ΔE*) changes after their exposure to red wine, followed by coffee and Coca-Cola®; however, one nanohybrid resin-matrix composite showed a high color stability in such colored test solutions. The chemical composition and content of the organic matrix played a key role in the color stability of the resin-matrix composites. Clinicians should advise their patients about the chemical interaction between dietary substances and different resin-matrix composites.

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Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is a condition that significantly compromises smile esthetics, which is particularly worrying in young patients. This article shows how the combination of non-invasive treatments and current restorative options may improve clinical outcomes following orthodontic treatment for symmetric and asymmetric maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and microdontia. Teeth were treated with conservative resin restorations in three separate cases: two of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors (i.e., unilateral and bilateral) and one of microdontia. After presenting the clinical results, this article summarizes how bleaching, enameloplasty, and bonding with composite resin can enhance esthetics and functions following orthodontic space closure. The cases reveal that carefully planned, methodically executed orthodontic and restorative approaches can achieve predictable, esthetic outcomes that will improve the patient’s self-esteem with a minimally invasive solution.

SUMMARY Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) is a condition that significantly compromises smile esthetics and is a particular concern in younger patients. The treatment options include orthodontics for space opening with rehabilitation or space closure with canine camouflage. Currently, there is some controversy regarding the most appropriate treatment. In this case report, we propose a multidisciplinary approach through the combination of orthodontic treatment, frenectomy, and a restorative finishing stage with composite resin and dental implants. More specifically, this treatment was planned to orthodontically close the anterior space by opening the premolar area for subsequent placement of implants and enameloplasty with a composite resin. The replacement of a missing lateral incisor by an implant is a predictable treatment approach, but it might best be deferred until dental maturity and then accurately placed in a well-developed site through a multidisciplinary approach. Precluding the closure of the anterior spaces and the opening of the posterior zone for implant placement, allows for a more stable and appealing esthetic and functional rehabilitation for young patients, in whom esthetic appearance and self-esteem play a primary role.