R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.orgiii PrefaceWith this report, RAND continues a history of work in both traffic safety and scenario development and analysis. This report develops a scenario for the year 2050 in which not a single person in the United States dies in a traffic crash. This scenario is intended to inform and help coordinate future efforts in traffic safety across multiple stakeholders. We developed this scenario based on the results of three stakeholder workshops, held in 2017, that brought together participants in the recently instituted Road to Zero Coalition who represent a variety of stakeholders in traffic safety-professional engineering and planning organizations, public-sector organizations, safety advocates, vehicle manufacturers, technology developers, public health, emergency medical and trauma organizations, and law enforcement and judicial system representatives. This report does not necessarily represent the views of each coalition member or organization or individual that participated in the three stakeholder workshops. This work was sponsored by the National Safety Council, which also convened the Road to Zero Coalition. It will also be of particular interest to any of the types of stakeholders listed above, in addition to local, state, and federal elected officials with responsibility for traffic safety.The research reported here was conducted in the RAND Science, Technology, and Policy program, which focuses primarily on the role of scientific development and technological innovation in human behavior, global and regional decisionmaking as it relates to science and technology, and the concurrent effects that science and technology have on policy analysis and policy choices. The program covers such topics as space exploration, information and telecommunication technologies, and nano-and biotechnologies. Program research is supported by government agencies, foundations, and the private sector.RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and Environment...
Transportation policy makers increasingly consider congestion pricing a promising option for addressing urban traffic congestion problems. Although some congestion pricing projects have been undertaken in the United States, many proposals have been rejected because of concerns that congestion pricing is inequitable. This paper identifies and assesses ways of making congestion pricing equitable. The authors review notions of equity applicable to congestion pricing and explore the equity issues that arise in the context of cordon and area pricing systems and high-occupancy toll lanes.
Future scenarios and their implications for technology innovationFor more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1377Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge, UK R ® is a registered trademark. © 2016 Innovate UKRAND Europe is a not-for-profit organisation whose mission is to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the sponsor.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org www.randeurope.org iii Preface RAND Europe, in collaboration with Risk Solutions and Dr Johanna Zmud from the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, was commissioned by Innovate UK to develop future travel scenarios for 2035, considering possible social and economic changes and exploiting key technologies and innovation in ways that could reduce congestion. The purpose of this independent research is to explore and examine how new technologies may infl uence travel and to facilitate discussion about how transport can be more effi cient in future. In no way are the fi ndings intended to refl ect the views, opinions or policy of Innovate UK or the UK Government.The scenario methodology focuses on identifying the potential impact of critical factors and technologies on fi ve activities and the travel associated with them -undertaking work and business, shopping, seeking healthcare, making long-distance journeys for work or leisure, and freight activity. It combines expert opinion, gathered via in-person workshops, with crossimpact analysis, consistency analysis and cluster analysis. The scenarios are then used to identify innovation investments and policies that provide benefi ts across the range of possible futures.This report describes the main aspects of the study: the identifi cation of key future technologies, the development of the scenarios, and the fi ndings from interviews with experts about what the scenarios may mean for innovation and policy priorities. It may be of use to policymakers or researchers who are interested in future travel and the infl uence of technology.RAND Europe is a not-for-profi t organisation whose mission is to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND Europe's clients include European governments, institutions, NGOs and fi rms with a need for rigorous, independent, multidisciplinary analysis.
Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
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