Purpose. The purpose of this study is to summarize the experience of China’s rural human resource management through the introduction of the training process of new professional farmers in China, and to provide some experience and reference for developing countries to carry out farmer training and optimize the structure of human resources. Results. The study results show that new professional farmer training is an essential experience in China’s rural human resource management. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the whole process of training new professional farmers. In the process of cultivating new-type professional farmers, China has carried out the cultivation work from four aspects, namely, determining the best cultivation target, selecting the appropriate investment entity, constructing a reasonable cultivation model and formulating preferential support policies. It has achieved remarkable results in improving the quality of rural human resources and optimizing the structure of rural human resources. Scientific novelty. There is a lot of literature describing the experience of human resource management in rural China. Still, few scholars pay attention to the training process and model of new professional farmers, so the innovation of this study is the novelty of the selected topic. Practical value. This research is of great significance for improving the skill level of rural human resources, increasing farmers’ income, consolidating the basic status of agriculture, and promoting rural economic development. In addition, it also has certain literature value for enriching the theory of rural human capital investment.

This study aims to understand the relationship between China’s industrial structure and human resources employment structure. This paper reviewed the relevant data from the China Statistical Yearbook, China Population and Employment Statistical Yearbook between 2010 and 2019 and quantitatively analyzed the interrelationship between the two using the CORREL function, employment elasticity coefficient, and employment structure deviation coefficient. Results indicate that the two have a strong correlation, but the coordination is poor; from the perspective of stimulating economic effect on employment, the total employment elasticity coefficient of the three industries is primarily positive, but the absolute value is close to 0. The synchronous inspiring effect of economic growth of various industries on employment is not apparent. In terms of equilibrium, the degree of structural deviation of the primary industry fluctuated between –0.70 and –0.75 each year, and the degree of structural deviation of the secondary industry has always hovered around 0.4. Although the degree of structural deviation of the tertiary industry was stable overall, mainly in some years, the deviation coefficient was still higher than 0.2, and the degree of imbalance between the economic development of various industries and the employment structure is more severe.

In order to deeply understand the burden of rural population in China and Ukraine, adjust the structure of rural human resources and better promote the effective implementation of rural human resources management in both countries. This study reviewed the China Statistical Yearbook and the Ukraine Demographic Yearbook to measure the rural population burden in China and Ukraine in terms of three indicators: rural population size, natural population growth rate, and population migration rate, using 2011-2020 as the time period. The results show that both China and Ukraine are facing serious population burden, but the manifestations of population burden are completely different. China's rural population burden is characterized by overpopulation, which is manifested as a large number of rural population, a high birth rate and a large surplus rural labor force. The rural population burden of Ukraine is characterized by insufficient population, which is manifested by low natural growth rate of population and natural growth rate of immigration, more and more rural population moving out of the countryside, and continuous negative growth of rural population.On the basis of this, two suggestions are put forward. On the one hand, China should pay attention to improving the carrying capacity of rural population, strengthen the primary industry, develop the tertiary industry, improve the ability of rural residents to start their own businesses, and reduce the surplus rural labor force as far as possible. On the other hand, Ukraine should adjust its population policy, take various measures to encourage birth and strive to increase the birth rate.At the same time, the income level and employment rate of the rural population should be increased, social welfare security should be strengthened, and the attractiveness of rural areas should be enhanced to balance the social pressure brought by the shortage of rural labor force.This study is of great significance for relieving the pressure of rural population, optimizing the structure of rural human resources and improving the management level of rural human resources in both countries.

Literature, as a carrier of researchers’ research results, can objectively reflect the development status of the field. Rural human resource development and management are of great significance and value to China's sustainable development and has received much attention as a research hotspot over the years. This study aims to understand the current situation of rural human resources research in China, help relevant scholars keep abreast of the research dynamics in this field in China, and better engage in rural human resources research. The article selects the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) as the data source uses “rural human resources” as the keyword to search the relevant literature from 2000 to 2020; a total of 909 documents were searched. On this basis, it uses the bibliometric method to analyze the relevant literature. The results of this study showed the following: 1) There are era differences in the academic circles’ attention to rural human resource development. From 2000 to 2020, the relevant literature showed certain volatility. 2) There is insufficient systematic research on the literature. There are many journal articles in the literature resources, but a lack of dissertations. 3) Author units are mostly concentrated in colleges and universities, particularly agricultural universities. 4) The quantity of excellent literature is insufficient, and there is little funded literature. In future research, it is recommended that relevant scholars increase their research efforts on rural revitalization and the cultivation of emerging professional farmers in light of China's national conditions, and at the same time improve the systematic and targeted research.