With the rapid growth and development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology there has been an increasing demand for clean and sustainable global energy applications.While there are many device-level and infrastructure challenges still to be overcome before wide commercialization can be realized, increasing the PEMFC power density is a critical technical challenge, with ambitious goals proposed globally. For example, the short-term and long-term goals of the Japan New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) are 6 kW L -1 by 2030 and 9 kW L -1 by 2040, respectively. To this end, we propose technical development directions required for next-generation high power density PEMFCs. This perspective comprehensively embraces the latest advanced ideas for improvements in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and its components, bipolar plate (BP), integrated BP-MEA design, with regard to water and thermal management, and materials. The realization of these ideas is expected to be encompassed in next-generation PEMFCs with the aim of achieving a high power density.

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is a powerful tool commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry for the identification of compounds with affinity to biomolecular targets. Success in this endeavor lies in sampling diverse chemical libraries. However, current DELs tend to be deficient in C(sp) 3 carbon counts. We report unique solutions to the challenge of both increasing the chemical diversity of these libraries and their C(sp) 3 carbon counts by merging Ni/photoredox dual catalytic C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) cross-coupling as well as photoredox catalyzed radical/polar crossover alkylation protocols with DELs. The successful integration of multiple classes of radical sources enables the rapid incorporation of a diverse set of alkyl fragments.

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A highly active anode material for solid oxide fuel cells resistant to carbon deposition is developed. Co-Fe co-doped La0.5Ba0.5MnO3-δ with a cubic-hexagonal heterogeneous stucture is synthesized through the pechini method. An A-site ordered double perovskite with Co0.94Fe0.06 alloyoxide core-shell nanoparticles on its surface is formed after reduction. The phase transition and the exsolution of the nanoparticles are investigated with X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The exsolved nanoparticles with the layered double perovskite supporter show a high catalytic activity. A single cell with that anode and a 300 μm-thick La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ electrolyte layer exhibits maximum power densities of 1479 and 503 mW cm -2 at 850 o C with wet hydrogen and wet methane fuels, respectively. Moreover, the single cell fed with wet methane exhibits a stable power output at 850 o C for 200 h, demonstrating a high resistance to carbon deposition of the anode due to the strong anchor of the exsolved nanoparticles on the perovskite parent. The oxide shell also preserves the metal particles from coking.