Objective To estimate the association between stature in Mexican adults and some sociodemographic factors. Methods We studied a sample of 30 970 subjects, using anthropometric data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012). The first quartile was used as the cutoff to define short stature. We analyzed differences among stature strata for sociodemographic variables by using the Kruskal-Wallis test. We estimated odds ratios to measure the association between stature and sociodemographic variables, controlling for potential confounders. Results Persons from the southern region of the country were some three times as likely to be of short stature than were subjects in the northern region. The stature difference between the Mexican states with the highest and the lowest average stature was larger than the average difference in stature between Mexico and the United States of America. Adults who had had less than six years of schooling presented the highest prevalence of short stature, regardless of sex, region of the country, place of residence (rural or urban), or the proportion of indigenous language speakers in a state. In addition, the stratum with the highest marginalization (percentage of the population lacking education and services, with a low income, and living in a small community) showed the highest prevalence of short stature. Conclusion In Mexico, adults who are of short stature have unequal living conditions when compared to those of average or high stature, and this could drive increases in health inequity.

BackgroundDengue is the most important arboviral disease in the world. Seroprevalence has been proposed as a marker of endemicity, however, studies are scarce.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, stratified cluster, random sample study to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to dengue virus (DENV) in Mexico. The target population was school children ages 6–17 y from 22 endemic states in Mexico, clustered in four regions: Pacific, South-Central, Southeast and Low.ResultsA total of 2134 subjects provided blood samples for immunoglobulin G antibody detection in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, the seroprevalence of antibodies against DENV was 33.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.5 to 40.1). The Southeast had the highest regional seroprevalence, reaching 70.9% (95% CI 60.3 to 79.7). Seroprevalence was higher in older children in the Southeast region: 62.1% (95% CI 46.9 to 75.2) in children 6–8 y and 82.6% (95% CI 73.8 to 88.9) in 13–17 years old (y). However, this was not consistent in all regions. Seroprevalence was associated with dengue incidence.ConclusionsDENV seroprevalence in Mexico was found to be heterogeneous at the country, regional and state levels. Seroprevalence was linked to long-term exposure and did not adequately reflect recent patterns of transmission, suggesting that utilization of a single epidemiological indicator to define endemic regions should be avoided.

Objective. To examine trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. Materials and methods. Data from 27 800 Mexican adults who participated in Ensanut 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Linear regression was used across each Ensanut period to assess temporal linear trends in the prevalence of MS. Logistic regression models were obtained to calculate the percentage change, p-value for the trend and the association between the presence of MS and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over 10 years using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Globorisk. Results. The prevalence of MS in Mexican adults according to the harmonized definition was: 40.2, 57.3, 59.99 and 56.31%, in 2006, 2012, 2016 and 2018 respectively (p for trend <0.0001). In 2018, 7.62% of metabolic syndrome cases had a significant risk for incident DM2 and 11.6% for CVD. Conclusion. It is estimated that there are 36.5 million Mexican adults living with metabolic syndrome, of which 2 million and 2.5 million have a high risk of developing T2DM or cardiovascular disease respectively, over the next 10 years.

Background Patients with obesity have an increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) does not acknowledge the health burden associated this disease. The performance of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS), a clinical classification tool that assesses obesity-related comorbidity, is compared with BMI, with respect to adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Methods 1071 patients were evaluated in 11 COVID-19 hospitals in Mexico. Patients were classified into EOSS stages. Adjusted risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes were calculated and survival analysis for mechanical ventilation and death was carried out according to EOSS stage and BMI category. Results The risk for intubation was higher in patients with EOSS stages 2 and 4 (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.97 and 2.78, 95% CI 1.83–4.24), and in patients with BMI classes II and III (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.74, and 2.62, 95% CI 1.65–4.17). Mortality rates were significantly lower in patients with EOSS stages 0 and 1 (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.92) and higher in patients with BMI class III (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03–2.42). In patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, the risk for intubation increased with progressive EOSS stages. Only individuals in BMI class III showed an increased risk for intubation (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.50–3.34). Mortality risk was increased in EOSS stages 2 and 4 compared to EOSS 0 and 1, and in patients with BMI class II and III, compared to patients with overweight. Conclusions EOSS was associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes, and it distinguished risks beyond BMI. Patients with overweight and obesity in EOSS stages 0 and 1 had a lower risk than patients with normal weight. BMI does not adequately reflect adipose tissue-associated disease, it is not ideal for guiding chronic-disease management.

Background: Osteosarcopenia (OS) has recently been described as a predictor of negative outcomes in older adults. However, this alteration in body composition has not been widely studied. In Mexico and Latin America, no information is available on its frequency or associated factors.Objective: To analyze the association between OS with FD in community-dwelling Mexican adults 50 and older.Design: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis was performed using primary data from a prospective study Frailty, Dynapenia and Sarcopenia Study in Mexican Adults (FraDySMex).Setting and Participants: Eight hundred and twenty-five people were included, 77.1% women, aged 70.3 ± 10.8 years old.Methods: OS was defined as when the person was diagnosed with sarcopenia (SP) plus osteopenia/osteoporosis. The SP diagnosis was evaluated in accordance with the criteria of the European Working Group for the Definition and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia (EWGSOP), and the osteoporosis diagnosis using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Muscle mass and bone mass were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). FD was evaluated using the basic activities of daily living (BADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Additional sociodemographic and health co-variables were also included, such as sex, age, education, cognitive status, depression, comorbidity, hospitalization, polypharmacy, urinary incontinence, and nutrition variables such as risk of malnutrition and obesity. Associations between OS with FD were evaluated using multiple logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of OS was 8.9% and that of FD was 8.9%. OS was associated with FD [odds ratio (OR): 1.92; CI 95%: 1.11–3.33].Conclusions and Implications: Comprehensive OS assessment could help clinicians identify risk factors early, and thus mitigate the impact on FD in older people.