Introduction: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is a procedure that uses neurophysiological techniques in order to evaluate the motor and sensitive systems during surgeries that endanger the nervous system. Method: The approach, scope, target population, and clinical questions to be answered were defined. A systematic search of the evidence was conducted step by step; during the first stage, clinical practice guidelines were collected, during the second stage systematic reviews were obtained, and during the third stage, clinical trials and observational studies were procured. The MeSH nomenclature and free related terminology were used, with no language restrictions and a 5-10 years frame. The quality of the evidence was graded using the CEPD and SIGN scales. Results: Obtained using the search algorrhythms of 892 documents. Fifty-eight were chosen to be included in the qualitative synthesis. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies. Conclusions: Eighteen recommendations were issued and will support the adequate use of the IONM.

Eighteen recommendations were issued and will support the adequate use of the IONM.

Objetivo: Describir el manejo de las lesiones nerviosas de extremidad inferior atendidas en un centro de referencia en cirugía plástica y reconstructiva en la Ciudad de México. Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, en el que se evaluaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes atendidos por lesiones nerviosas de extremidad inferior entre 2010 y 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes, 14 hombres (66.6%) y 7 mujeres (33.3%), con una edad promedio de 30.00 ± 8.89 años. Las lesiones en la extremidad derecha fueron más prevalentes (52.3%). El mecanismo de lesión más común fue por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego (28.5%) o por accidente automovilístico (13.6%). Los nervios más afectados fueron el ciático (38.0%) y el peroneo (38.0%), seguidos por el tibial (9.5%), el peroneo y el tibial simultáneamente (9.5%) y el femoral (4.7%). Las medidas de tratamiento más empleadas fueron las transferencias nerviosas (7 casos, 33.3%) y la aplicación de injertos nerviosos para el manejo de brechas (7 casos, 33.3%). Conclusiones: La reparación de las estructuras nerviosas de la extremidad inferior ha recibido poca atención. Sin embargo, nuestro estudio muestra que es posible aplicar diversas estrategias reconstructivas microquirúrgicas, buscando mejorar los desenlaces funcionales de los pacientes.

Objective: To describe the management of lower extremity nerve injuries at a plastic and reconstructive surgery referral center in Mexico City. Method: A descriptive, transversal and retrospective study was performed, evaluating clinical records of patients with lower extremity nerve injuries managed in our center between 2010 and 2018. Results: Twenty-one patients were included, 14 males (66.6%) and 7 females (33.3%); mean age was 30.00 ± 8.89 years. Right-sided injuries were more prevalent (52.3%). The most common etiologies were gunshot injuries (28.5%) and motor vehicle accidents (13.6%). The most frequently affected nerves were the sciatic (38.0%) and the peroneal nerves (38.0%), followed by the tibial (9.5%), simultaneous tibial and peroneal nerve injury (9.5%) and the femoral nerve (4.7%). Nerve transfers (7 cases, 33.3%) and autologous nerve grafts (7 cases, 33.3%) were the preferred surgical techniques for injury management. Conclusions: Repair of lower extremity nerve injuries has not been popularized; however our study shows that several microsurgical reconstructive strategies are available in order to improve functional outcomes.