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A major concern regarding the development of cloud applications is provider lock-in. There are no standard solutions to this problem with the exception of some attempts of achieving interoperability at the infrastructure level. This paper presents an analysis focused on the federation at PaaS level. Furthermore, the proposed schemes are intended to simplify the design of cloud applications by means of a declarative programming based on a set of modules available in all supported platforms. Hence, designed applications can migrate between platforms easily, enabling the creation of new fault-tolerant architectures.

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Cloud security comprises access control and end-to-end security based on flow or message-level privacy. In some applications, in which all processing takes place at the client side and the Cloud simply handles data storage (e.g. Google Docs), on-line data encryption/decryption guarantees privacy. However, when a service requires server processing (e.g. spreadsheets), privacy must necessarily rely on a dependable entity according to local regulations. Summing up, full Cloud privacy has not been achieved so far. In this paper we take a step towards that goal. We propose executing server side operations in the encrypted domain, so that both the operands and the results are opaque to the server, yet clear to the user. We evaluate this concept with a real Google Apps implementation of basic arithmetic operations.