Background Hospital readmissions are common among in- center hemodialysis patients, but little is known about read-missions among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Using national administrative data, we aimed to examine the burden and correlates of hospital readmissions among U.S. PD patients. Methods Among 10,505 adult U.S. PD patients with an index admission (first admission after 120 days on dialysis) between 31 January 2011 and 30 November 2014, readmissions were defined as new hospital admissions within 30 days of index discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for readmission. Results Overall, 26.8% of index admissions were followed by a readmission. Readmitted patients were more likely to have congestive heart failure (31.0% vs 25.4%; p < 0.001) and peripheral arterial disease (11.6% vs 8.6%; p < 0.001) and had longer index admission length of stay (median = 4 vs 3 days; p < 0.001) than those who were not; age, sex, and race did not differ by readmission status. After adjustment for patient and index admission characteristics, longer length of stay (≥ 4 vs < 4 days, OR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35 – 1.62), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16 – 1.57), congestive heart failure (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 – 1.39), and ischemic heart disease (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.24) were associated with higher likelihood of readmission; index admission due to peritonitis vs other causes was associated with lower likelihood of readmission (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.70 – 0.92). Conclusions Our results suggest that, particularly in the absence of a PD-related cause of hospitalization such as peritonitis, PD patients may be at high risk for readmission and may benefit from closer post-discharge monitoring.