Currently, Chagas' disease control consists mainly of chemical warfare against the insect vector. However, a number of risk factors, such as poor hygiene and clutter, can facilitate the persistence of triatomine breeding sites. Relying on the premise that communities at risk of Chagas have little knowledge about the disease, the authors defined the extent of knowledge that is considered optimal and determined how much is known, on average, by the inhabitants of two areas in Argentina showing different epidemiologic trends. Risk factors in both areas were identified. The optimal extent of knowledge was defined in accordance with 25 "basic concepts" surrounding the disease, and from these questionnaires were constructed for evaluating average knowledge about the disease. Results obtained showed that risk factors were linked primarily with the type of dwelling construction and with clutter, as well as with limited knowledge about the disease. There was little basic knowledge about Chagas, with an inability, for example, to identify the vector and describe the mode of transmission. Increasing people's knowledge about the disease would be an important step in the fight against Chagas and would give the inhabitants of endemic areas a better understanding of their situation as well as the chance to develop behaviors that would allow them to assume responsibility for their own welfare.

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ObjectiveTo study the risk of Trypanosoma cruzi domestic transmission using an entomological index and to explore its relationship with household's characteristics and cultural aspects. Methods There were studied 158 households in an endemic area in Argentina. Each household was classified according to an entomological risk indicator (number of risky bites/ human). A questionnaire was administered to evaluate risk factors among householders. ResultsInfested households showed a wide range of risk values (0 to 5 risky bites/human) with skewed distribution, a high frequency of lower values and few very high risk households. Of all collected Triatoma infestans, 44% had had human blood meals whereas 27% had had dogs or chickens blood meals. Having dogs and birds sharing room with humans increased the risk values. Tidy clean households had contributed significantly to lower risk values as a result of low vector density. The infested households showed a 24.3% correlation between time after insecticide application and the number of vectors. But there was no correlation between the time after insecticide application and T. infestans' infectivity. The statistical analysis showed a high correlation between current values of the entomological risk indicator and Trypanosoma cruzi seroprevalence in children. ConclusionsThe risk of T. cruzi domestic transmission assessed using an entomological index show a correlation with children seroprevalence for Chagas' disease and householders' habits. Resumen Objetivo