Bullying is defined as systematic exposure to humiliation as well as hostile and violent behaviors against one or more individuals. These behaviors are a serious, growing problem, which affects a significant proportion of health care professionals. To support the hospital's risk management policy, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bullying in this institution and identify the determinants of bullying. Bullying was measured using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, Portuguese version (NAQ-R), a self-administered tool. The questionnaire was made available in digital format on the hospital's internal network (Intranet) and in hard copy; questionnaires were returned via nonidentified internal mail addressed to the occupational health unit or deposited in suggestion boxes located throughout the hospital. Multiple questionnaire delivery methods guaranteed data anonymity and confidentiality. The prevalence of bullying in this hospital was 8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [6.2, 10.2]). Reported bullying was predominantly vertical and more frequently occurring among nurses, clerical staff, and health care assistants (12.5%, 7.6%, 6.4%, respectively; p = .005). After adjusting for gender, age, occupation, type of contract, and work schedule, only type of contract was significantly associated with bullying in the workplace; the risk of bullying was twice as high among government employees compared to workers with indefinite duration employment contracts ( p = .038). This study identified a high prevalence of bullying among health professionals; hence a program to prevent and control this phenomenon was implemented in this institution.

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INSAT : uma proposta metodológica para análise dos efeitos das condições de trabalho sobre a saúde INSAT : una propuesta metodológica para el análisis de los efectos de las condiciones de trabajo en la salud INSAT : une proposition méthodologique pour l´analyse des effets des conditions de travail sur la santé INSAT : a methodological proposal for the analysis of the effects work conditions have on health

Drowsiness and fatigue are major safety issues that cannot be measured directly. Their measurements are sustained on indirect parameters such as the effects on driving performance, changes in physiological states, and subjective measures. We divided this study into two distinct lines. First, we wanted to find if any driver’s physiological characteristic, habit, or recent event could interfere with the results. Second, we aimed to analyze the effects of subjective sleepiness on driving behavior. On driving simulator experiments, the driver information and driving performance were collected, and responses to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were compared with these parameters. The results showed that drowsiness increases when the driver has suffered a recent stress situation, has taken medication, or has slept fewer hours. An increasing driving time is also a strong factor in drowsiness development. On the other hand, robustness, smoking habits, being older, and being a man were revealed to be factors that make the participant less prone to getting drowsy. From another point of view, the speed and lane departures increased with the sleepiness feeling. Subjective drowsiness has a great correlation to drivers’ personal aspects and the driving behavior. In addition, the KSS shows a great potential to be used as a predictor of drowsiness.

Different species of Baccharis belonging to the Trimera group are commonly named as carqueja and employed for their digestive and diuretic properties. Since the members of this group are alike, this work has aimed to study the macro and microscopical characters of Baccharis articulata, B. cylindrica, B. gaudichaudiana and B. trimera, in The genus Baccharis comprises approximately 500 species, classified in 28 groups based on morphological similarities 1 . Different species belonging to the Trimera group are commonly named as carqueja and employed for their digestive and diuretic properties 2,3,4,5 . In Brazil, the carquejas are one of the most commercialized medicinal plants and Paraná State is considered the major collector 6 . The Trimera group members are alike and their identification presents some difficulties, even for specialists. Therefore, this work has aimed to study the macro (morphological) and microscopical (anatomical) characters of four species from this group, Baccharis articulata (Lam.) Persoon, B. cylindrica (Less.) DC., B. gaudichaudiana DC. and B. trimera (Less.) DC., in order to contribute for the drug analysis and to complement taxonomic knowledge for the Trimera group.The four species are shrubs, having winged stems which assume the leaf photosynthetic role, as foliar appendages are absent. In common, these species show some microscopical characters, such as uniseriate epidermis with polygonal shaped cells in face view and coated by thin and striated cuticle, anomocytic stomata even or slightly raised regarding the other epidermal cells, and clusters of pluricellular glandular trichomes united at the basis and localized in a small depression. The wings, in transection, reveal the chlorenchyma composed of an atypical palisade parenchyma beneath the epidermis and spongy parenchyma in the middle. Collateral vascular bundles are embedded in the chlorenchyma, encircled by a parenchymatic sheath and associated with secretory ducts. The caulinar axis has a dermal system similar to the wings, besides alternating chlorenchyma and angular collenchyma, and a vascular cylinder formed by phloem outside and xylem inside. The former may exhibit perivascular fibre caps and the latter surrounds the parenchymatic pith.In contrast, B. articulata has a two-winged stem while the three others possess three wings. In transection, B. gaudichaudiana axis reveals ribs, B. articulata has oval contour and B. cylindrica and B. trimera stem is circular. In B. cylindrica and B. trimera, included phloem has been observed in older basal regions. Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the four species, being styloid in B.