Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to transform its shape, adapt, and develop a new neuronal connection provided with a new stimulus. The stronger the electrical stimulation, the robust is the transformation. Neurogenesis is a complex process when the new neuronal blast cells present in the dentate gyrus divide in the hippocampus. We collected articles from the past 11 years for review, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) strategy from PubMed. Quality appraisal was done for each research article using various assessment tools. A total of 24 articles were chosen, applying all the mentioned inclusion and exclusion criteria and reviewed. The reviewed studies emphasized that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise should be implemented as an intervention in the elderly for healthy aging of the brain, as the world's aging population is going to be increased, leading to the expansion of health care and cost. Multiple studies have publicized the relation of diet and exercise with cognition function in aging people. A diet consisting of curcumin in its food has its anti-oxidative property, which prevents rapid aging of the brain, other diet patterns such as a caloric restriction diet can influence brain plasticity and preclude the decline of memory. Exercise can increase brain-derived growth factor (BDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), synapsin one, and tyrosine kinase activity that can expand the size of the brain, enhance the plasticity and neurogenesis. This review aimed at exploring lifestyle factors that contribute to neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Thus, providing a new path for clinicians and researchers to map out the future possible significant benefits for optimal brain aging in a healthy fashion.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a health problem of paramount proportions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to review data published on the effects of different types of bariatric surgeries on T2DM remission, compared to lifestyle and medical intervention (LMI) exclusively, along with a comprehensive finding of numerous preoperative factors that lead to remission. We used PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and MEDLINE to search for literature. Our criteria included peer-reviewed, English language articles published in 2010 and onwards, consisting of adults with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m 2 as the population of interest. Twenty-four articles with 5,411 patients were selected for this systematic review, which included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 observational studies. The primary endpoint was T2DM remission. Based on the review, bariatric surgery is superior to LMI in inducing remission in T2DM, especially when employing the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) technique. Lower age of onset and shorter duration of T2DM, along with a high BMI are some of the factors that can lead to greater remission rates. Further research in RCTs is needed by incorporating double/triple-blind protocols, a standard definition of T2DM remission, long follow-up periods to evaluate for relapses in remission and any side effects, with a focus on inflammatory markers (eg, osteopontin), scoring systems (eg, DiaRem), and benefits of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) over other modalities, to advance our understanding of T2DM remission.

Obesity and obesity-related illnesses (ORIs) constitute a significant burden on the healthcare system, with a very high prevalence in the general population. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen by healthcare providers. The risk of AF in obese individuals is reported to be high and in correlation with Body Mass Index (BMI), leading to the high prevalence of AF in the general population and the expected epidemic of AF to come. Greater left atrial dimensions and left atrial remodeling together form the AF substrate in the obese population along with the role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in inducing inflammation and fibrosis of the atrial myocardium and thus facilitating the onset of AF. In our paper, we reviewed the literature published on the link between obesity and AF, as well as the potential behind new management approaches. Multiple studies have explored different approaches, either conventional or novel. Considering the impact of prevention in medicine nowadays, we proposed a screening practice for AF in obese individuals. More research is needed to acquire a comprehensive protocol for the management of AF in the obese population that can be applied by primary healthcare providers to combat this evolving matter.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high prevalence in the United States. If not treated adequately, it can have serious complications. Furthermore, when depression affects concomitantly, adherence to treatment can be decreased. Therefore, a cascade of complications may develop, affecting the quality of life and increasing the risk of death. Depression is underdiagnosed in patients with diabetes, and even if diagnosed, the treatment for both diabetes and depression is not well established in primary care. This study aims to evaluate if treatment for depression with collaborative care can improve glycemic levels and depression treatment response in diabetic patients with depression. As well, we will investigate if treatment with antidepressants will aid in improving glycemic levels. For this systematic review, we followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and used PubMed, PubMed Central, and MEDLINE as database. Keywords: "diabetes improvement with depression treatment'.