Introducción: Un trastorno mental es un síndrome caracterizado por una alteración del estado cognitivo, la regulación o el desarrollo del individuo. Este grupo de pacientes puede requerir un cuidador primario informal (CPI en lo sucesivo) que lo asista en sus necesidades físicas, emocionales, sociales, de atención médica o cohesión familiar. En este contexto, la Entrevista de Carga de Zarit (ECZ ) es un instrumento utilizado en la evaluación de dichos CPI. Objetivo: Validar la ECZ en una muestra de CPI de pacientes con diagnostico psiquiátrico. Método: Se empleó un diseño transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico. Participaron 235 CPI, quienes contestaron concurrentemente la ECZ y el cuestionario SF-36. Resultados y Discusión: La versión obtenida en el presente estudio mostró un instrumento de 17 ítems con una consistencia interna satisfactoria de la escala global. Se obtuvieron tres subescalas: Impacto del cuidador, Relaciones interpersonales y Expectativas de autoeficacia, así como un indicador cognitivo. La validez concurrente mostró resultados significativos. El análisis psicométrico realizado indica que la ECZ en CPI de pacientes con diagnóstico psiquiátrico tiene una buena consistencia interna, mayor que la de la versión original. Comparada con las demás validaciones del Zarit, mostró una estructura factorial similar. La relevancia de los resultados obtenidos radica en su utilidad clínica y de investigación en grupos de cuidadores que pueden requerir atención psicosocial.
Background: Social Support (SS) has been an important variable to consider in the psychosocial understanding of patients with cancer. Objective: To test the 3-factor model for the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS SSS) and estimate its internal consistency reliability in Mexican women with Breast Cancer (BC). Methods: 300 women diagnosed with BC were enrolled in a convenience sampling. Participants were asked to complete the Spanish version of the MOS SSS (Argentina). After the approval of the Ethics and Research Review Board of Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, the Mexican adaptation was created through three phases: 1) linguistically adaptation; 2) presentation of the corrected and integrated version to another expert, and 3) pilot study. Results: The MOS SSS obtained a factorial structure with 13 items distributed among three factors. A high internal consistency (Alpha=0.912) and an acceptable explained-variance value (67%) were obtained; finally, the confirmatory analysis determined a proper adjustment with that structure. Conclusions: This instrument has adequate psychometric properties and is useful for evaluation and culturally appropriate to the clinical management of SS.
Objective The functional assessment of cancer therapy-bone marrow transplant (FACT-BMT) is a widely used instrument to assess quality of life (QOL) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, but there is little evidence of its validity in Latin American populations. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish language version of the FACT-BMT in Mexican patients. Method First, the original version was piloted with 15 HSCT patients to obtain an adequate cultural version, resulting in the adaptation of one item. After that, the new version was completed by 139 HSCT patients. Results The results showed a FACT factor structure that explains 70.84% of the total variance, a factor structure similar to the original FACT structure, and with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.867). For the BMT subscale, the best factor structure included 17 items which explain 61.65% of the total variance with an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.696). Significance of the results The FACT-BMT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate QOL in Mexican patients. Our results constitute new FACT-BMT empirical evidence that supports its clinical and research uses.
Recibido: 8 de febrero de 2017 / Aceptado: 14 de abril de 2017 Resumen. Objetivo. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg -GHQ-28-, en una muestra de cuidadores primarios informales mexicanos de pacientes con cáncer. Método. Participaron 276 cuidadores de los cuales 205 fueron mujeres (74,3%) y 71 hombres (25,7%). Los participantes contestaron concurrentemente el GHQ-28 y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck BDI. Resultados. La consistencia interna de la escala global mostró un índice satisfactorio (α= 0,91). Las alfas de Cronbach de las sub-escalas tuvieron un valor de α=0,86, a α=0,76 que explicaron el 53,42% de la varianza. La validez concurrente con el BDI mostró resultados significativos (r de Pearson de 0,72 a 0,427, p<0,05). Conclusiones. La relevancia de los resultados obtenidos radica en que se trata de una población que puede llegar a presentar afectaciones en la salud en general a lo largo del proceso de cuidado de los pacientes oncológicos. Palabras clave: Cáncer, Cuidadores primarios, Pacientes, Población mexicana, Salud general.[en] Psychometric properties of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire -GHQ-28-in informal primary caregivers of cancer patients Abstract. Objective. To determine the psychometric properties of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire -GHQ-28-in a sample of Mexican primary caregivers of cancer patients. Method: Two hundred and seventy six caregivers participated in this protocol, 205 of which were women (74.3%) and 71 were men (25.7%). Participants answered the GHQ-28 and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) concurrently. Results. The internal consistency of the overall scale showed a satisfactory index (α = 0.91).
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