Known as the disorderly growth of cells, cancer can invade neighboring tissues and organs. The nurse works with the aim of bringing systematized assistance at all stages of treatment, providing care for the clinical conditions of the cancer patient. The objective of the study was to point out the main competences of nurses in the face of possible oncological emergencies. The methodology used was a bibliographic search on the Google Scholar platform, using inclusion and exclusion criteria and original articles in Portuguese. Based on the data, the importance of identifying signs and symptoms of this type of emergency was verified, as well as the development of the necessary skills to care for and reduce their incidence. It is hoped that this research can contribute to a greater reinforcement of permanent education focused on the subject, in addition to emphasizing the importance of a holistic view and improving the patient's quality of life through therapeutic measures.