Objetivo: discutir as evidências científicas sobre as causas de cancelamento em cirurgia ambulatorial. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cinahl, Web of Science e Scopus, a partir dos termos controlados Ambulatory Surgical Procedures, Ambulatory Surgery, Suspension e termos livres sinônimos. Resultados: selecionaram-se 13 estudos. O país com menor taxa de cancelamento cirúrgico ambulatorial foi os Estados Unidos com 0,5%, e o maior, a Nigéria com 25,40%. Foram encontradas 53 causas de cancelamento em cirurgia ambulatorial, das quais agrupou-se em três categorias: fatores do paciente, clínicos e institucionais. Conclusão: Evidencia-se que as causas de cancelamento cirúrgico ambulatorial foram diversas e comuns nas instituições, sendo o absenteísmo do paciente no dia do procedimento agendado a causa mais frequente, demonstrando que estratégias assistenciais e de gestão precisam ser realizadas.ABSTRACTObjective: to discuss the scientific evidence on the causes of cancellation in outpatient surgery. Method: this integrative review involved searching the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cinahl, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases using the controlled terms Ambulatory Surgical Procedures, Ambulatory Surgery, Suspension and free synonyms. Results: 13 studies were selected. By country, the United States, with 0.5%, had the lowest outpatient surgery cancellation rate, and Nigeria, with 25.40%, the highest. The fifty-three causes of outpatient surgery cancellation found were grouped into three categories: patient, clinical, and institutional factors. Conclusion: the causes of outpatient surgical cancellation were found to be diverse and common in institutions, the most frequent cause being patient absence on the day of the scheduled procedure, demonstrating that care and management strategies need to be developed and applied.RESUMENObjetivo: discutir la evidencia científica sobre las causas de cancelación en cirugía ambulatoria. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora con búsqueda en las bases electrónicas de datos Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cinahl, Web of Science y Scopus, utilizando los términos controlados Ambulatory Surgical Procedures, Ambulatory Surgery, Suspension y términos sinónimos libres. Resultados: se seleccionaron 13 estudios. El país con la tasa de cancelación quirúrgica ambulatoria más baja fue Estados Unidos con un 0,5% y el de más alta Nigeria, con un 25,40%. Se encontraron 53 causas de cancelación en cirugía ambulatoria, las cuales se agruparon en tres categorías: factores del paciente, clínicos e institucionales. Conclusión: Se pone en evidencia que las causas de cancelación de cirugía ambulatoria fueron diversas y comunes en las instituciones, siendo la causa más frecuente el absentismo del paciente el día del procedimiento programado, demostrando que es necesario realizar estrategias de atención y de gestión.
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