Students learned the principles and practice of photometry through project-based learning. They addressed the challenge of measuring the unknown concentration of a colored substance using a photometer they were required to design, build, and test. Then, they used that instrument to carry out the experiment and fulfill the challenge. A photometer was designed and built by students consisting of a green laser pointer as the light source and a lux meter as the detector and readout. Using this photometer students have determined the concentration of the unknown sample of KMnO 4 solutions. The concentration of this sample solution was calculated to be (4.62 ± 0.06) × 10 −4 M; this value agrees within 6% of the expected value from the measurement using the commercial spectrophotometer which was calculated to be (4.96 ± 0.005) × 10 −4 M. The experiments fit well into an analytical chemistry course and take a standard (1 h) lab period. This project has facilitated improved student understanding of the photometry concepts and increased the creative problem-solving. In general, the students' response to this laboratory was positive.

This paper discusses laboratory activities that can improve the meaningfulness of natural product chemistry course. These laboratory activities can be useful for students from many different disciplines including chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. Students at the third-year undergraduate level of chemistry education undertake the project to isolate secondary metabolites from medicinal plants. This project provides opportunities for students to design their own activities to isolate secondary metabolites from medicinal plants. Students were exposed to skills as extraction, fractionation, purification, and structural elucidation of secondary metabolites. In this project, two secondary metabolites were successfully isolated from medicinal plants. The implementation of this project improved students’ understanding of natural product chemistry.

A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT TIndonesian people as human resources should be prepared to globalization era in the 21 st century, therefore they have to develop their higher order thinking skill rapidly, to improve their quality. Science education has an important role to develop young generation thinking skill, that makes science teachers training needs to be improved. Three science teaching models have been developed to increase science teacher candidates high order thinking skill, consist of Chemical Bond Model of Teaching (MPIK), Thermodynamics Model of Teaching (MPTD) and Anatomy and Physiology of Human Body Model of Teaching (MPAF). Each of the models consists of concept analysis and concept map, learning activities, teaching materials, test item. These studies show the dependency of the higher order thinking aspects and the characteristics of the subject matter in the models, including kind of concepts, width and depth of the subject matter areas. The models have been implemented and evaluated in three institutes of teacher training in Java. The findings show that the models had successfully increased the science teacher candidates way of thinking, on the whole stages of critical thinking skills, that have raised their propositional and combinatorial thinking. The impact shows that science models of learning (MPIPA) are available as new trend of science teacher training for the globalization era. Kata kunci : model pembelajaran, berpikir tingkat tinggi, calon guru IPA P PE EN ND DA AH HU UL LU UA AN NUntuk memenangkan persaingan bebas pada era globalisasi di abad ke 21 ini, manusia Indonesia perlu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikirnya; terutama keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Adanya perkembangan pesat iptek menjadikan pendidikan IPA sangat penting bagi semua orang. Berdasarkan hal itu pendidikan IPA dapat dijadikan wahana sentral untuk mengembangkan baik pengetahuan IPA, maupun keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Guru IPA sebagai ujung tombak pendidikan perlu dibekali dengan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, agar dapat mengembangkan pola berpikir siswanya *) Reviewer: Nuryani Rustaman, Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi FPMIPA UPI

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