Inflammation is the human body response by the injure as a results the inflammation will release LOX. To curve the conditions we use the bioactive from the nature are essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus because has a potential has pharmacologist activity. The purpose of this research to investigate the role essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus through LOX gene. Several chemical substances, including 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene, camphor, eugenol, curzerene and isoborneol were retrivied from PubChem database. The PyRx 0.8 was used to minimize and convert the sdf file to pdb format file of ligands. Those compounds were predicted their interaction using STITCH online server. Ligands and protein were docked by HEX Cuda 8.0.0 program, 3D and 2D views were evaluated using Discovery studio ver.19.0.0 and LigPlot+ ver 2.2, respectively. We found fourteen amino acid residues from LOX which bound the chemical compounds. Those interaction was supported by hydrogen bond with variety energy binding. To sum up, the essential oil from Curcuma longa and Cymbopogon citratus has a potential function as inhibitor LOX by inhibiting fourteen active side of the LOX gene.

This study aimed to analyze the combination formula of Tambora leaves, Sembalit Angin leaves, and Turmeric Rhizomes using a 2: 1: 3 ratio, and determine its effect on the growth of Candida albicans. The growth indicator was measured based on the growth area of inhibition zone which marked by a clear zone between the outer sides of the paper disc. The growth activity was measured at the incubation period of 1x24 hours, 2x24 hours, and 3x24 hours. The observation data then were analyzed by oneway ANOVA statistical test continued with the Duncan test 1%. The results showed that the combination formula of bioherbal methanol extract of Tambora leaves, Sembalit Angin leaves, and turmeric rhizomes had a significant effect on the growth of Candida albicansat 1% significance, proven by the sig value. 0.00 <0.01. Therefore, the combination formula of bioherbal methanol extract of Tambora leaves, Sembalit Angin leaves, and Turmeric rhizomes can be recommended as a combination formula extract that can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.

Grasshoppers are one of the most common herbivorous insects found in tropical areas, including the city of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity and relationship of grasshoppers in Palangka Raya City based on morphological characters. Diversity analysis was determined by the Shannon Wiener diversity index formula (H'). Determination of relationship was calculated by scoring the morphological characters. The scoring results were then analyzed using MVSP software to construct the dendogram. The results of morphological identification showed that there were six species of grasshoppers, namely Oxya serville, Valanga nigricornis, Dissosteira carolina, Atractomorpha crenulata, Phlaeoba infumata and Hierodula vitrea. The diversity index of the six species is H'=1.5 which is in the medium category. The results of the dendogram construction show that there are two main clades consisting of clade I containing grasshoppers of the Order Orthoptera, namely Oxya servile, Valanga nigricornis, Atractomorpha crenulata, Dissosteira carolina, Phlaeoba infumata and clade II containing Hierodula vitrea of the order Mantodea. Clade I is divided into two subclades consisting of subclade I containing Oxya servile and Atractomorpha crenulata and subclade II containing Valanga nigricornis, Dissosteira carolina, and Phlaeoba infumata. Based on the comparative morphological analysis, the distinguishing characters are the shape of the head, wings, thorax and leg. According to these results, it can be concluded that Palangka Raya City has a medium category grasshopper diversity index and the results of the relationship analysis show that the praying mantis (Hierodula vitrea) has the most distant relationship compared to the five other grasshopper species.

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The pitcher plant (Nepenthes spp.) has the highest species diversity in Sunda Shelf. This study aims to analyze the phylogenetic profile of Nepenthes spp. in Sunda Shelf based on Nep2 and trnK gene sequences. This research was conducted by in silico, downloaded from the Genbank website. The sequences consisted of 21 species for the Nep2 gene sequence and 29 species for the trnK gene sequence. The Nepenthes species used in this study were Nepenthes of Sunda Shelf including Sumatera and Kalimantan as in group also Nepenthes of Sulawesi and Papua as out group. The downloaded sequences were then analyzed for their genetic distance using p-distance method. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum Likelihood analysis on MEGAX software. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis based on Nep2 gene sequences showed that there were 2 main clades, clade I which consisted of 19 Nepenthes species of Kalimantan, Sumatera, and Sulawesi and clade II which consisted of two species, namely N. Tobaica (Sumatera) and N. Papuana (Papua). The phylogenetic tree analysis based on the trnK gene showed that there were 2 main clades, clade I consisting of 26 Nepenthes species of Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi, and Papua and clade II consisting of N. hamata (Sulawesi), N. muluensis and N. murudensis (Kalimantan). A Total of 26 species in clade I have a genetic distance between 0.05%-2.17%, while the 3 species in clade II have a genetic distance between 8.27%-10.02%. Differences in genetic distance and the formation of clades in the phylogenetic tree are predicted to be due to the geological history of the formation of islands originating from the Sunda Shelf and Sahul Shelf.