Racial trauma, a form of race-based stress, refers to People of Color and Indigenous individuals' (POCI) reactions to dangerous events and real or perceived experiences of racial discrimination. Such experiences may include threats of harm and injury, humiliating and shaming events, and witnessing racial discrimination toward other POCI. Although similar to posttraumatic stress disorder, racial trauma is unique in that it involves ongoing individual and collective injuries due to exposure and reexposure to race-based stress. The articles in this special issue introduce new conceptual approaches, research, and healing models to challenge racial trauma. The authors encourage psychologists to develop culturally informed healing modalities and methodologically sophisticated research and urge the inclusion of public policy interventions in the area of racial trauma.

This article argues for the need to culzturally adapt mainstream psychotherapy to Latino populations. It discusses ethnic psychology as a cultural resilient practice. Examples of Latino ethnic psychology include cuento, dichos, and spirituality. The article introduces Latino healing as the integration of ethnic psychology into mainstream psychotherapy. A clinical vignette illustrates the application of Latino healing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

racism continues to be a national problem in the united states. despite the progress in the promotion of racial equality, racism still affects the lives of many people of color. the effects of racism on its victims include health problems, psychological disturbances (ong, Fuller-rowell, & Burrow, 2009), spiritual injuries, and nefarious effects on communities of color. Most victims of racism experience direct and/or vicarious trauma (Helms, nicolas, & Green, 2010). Because racist attacks frequently occur on an ongoing basis, victims who experience trauma can be retraumatized (Bryant-davis & ocampo, 2006; comas-díaz, 2007). even more, racial victimization can result in cross-generational trauma (dunbar & Blanco, 2014).the findings of an empirical study on the perceived racial discrimination among african americans, Latina/os, and asian americans suggested that racism may be a traumatic experience (chou, asnaani, & Hofmann, 2012). Racial trauma refers to the events of danger related to real or perceived

The relevance and validity of ethnocultural factors in transference and countertransference reactions are proposed. Some of those prevalent in dyadic psychotherapy are described, focusing on intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic dyads. Case vignettes are presented to illustrate the ways in which ethnocultural factors serve as catalysts for such major therapeutic issues as trust, ambivalence, anger, and acceptance of disparate parts of the self.