While the excellent psychometric quality of the German third-party report version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale (SWAN-DE) for school-aged children was recently demonstrated, a self-report version employable with adults was not available so far. The present study therefore aimed at developing and validating the SWAN-DE-SB, a self-report version of the SWAN-DE. Based on data obtained from 405 adults, 14 (3.5%) of them with a current ADHD diagnosis, normality, internal consistency, as well as factorial and convergent validity were examined. The SWAN-DE-SB yielded normally distributed scores, high internal consistency, and factorial validity. The scale was shown to discriminate between participants with and without ADHD and to significantly correlate with commonly employed clinical ADHD scales. With the SWAN-DE-SB, we introduce a self-report measure assessing both strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and normal behavior and demonstrated its excellent psychometric properties.

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Sleep and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have repeatedly been found to be associated with each other. However, the ecological validity of daily life studies to examine the effect of sleep on ADHD symptoms is rarely made use of. In an ambulatory assessment study with measurement burst design, consisting of three bursts (each 6 months apart) of 18 days each, 70 German schoolchildren aged 10–12 years reported on their sleep quality each morning and on their subjective ADHD symptom levels as well as their sleepiness three times a day. It was hypothesized that nightly sleep quality is negatively associated with ADHD symptoms on the inter- as well as the intraindividual level. Thus, we expected children who sleep better to report higher attention and self-regulation. Additionally, sleepiness during the day was hypothesized to be positively associated with ADHD symptoms on both levels, meaning that when children are sleepier, they experience more ADHD symptoms. No association of sleep quality and ADHD symptoms between or within participants was found in multilevel analyses; also, no connection was found between ADHD symptoms and daytime sleepiness on the interindividual level. Unexpectedly, a negative association was found on the intraindividual level for ADHD symptoms and daytime sleepiness, indicating that in moments when children are sleepier during the day, they experience less ADHD symptoms. Explorative analyses showed differential links of nightly sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, with the core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, respectively. Therefore, future analyses should take the factor structure of ADHD symptoms into account.