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Background The prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use has risen dramatically among adolescents and young adults (AYA, ages 12-26) over the past decade. Despite extensive established relationships between combustible cigarette (CC) use and mental health problems, the mental health comorbidities of EC use remain unclear. Objective To provide a systematic review of existing literature on mental health co-morbidities of EC use among AYA. Methods Database searches using search terms related to EC, AYA, and mental health identified 1168 unique articles, 87 of which prompted full-text screening. Multiple authors extracted data, applied the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the evidence, and synthesized findings. Results Forty articles met eligibility criteria (n=24 predominantly adolescent and 16 predominantly young adult). Analyses yielded three main categories of focus: internalizing disorders (including depression, anxiety, suicidality, eating disorders, PTSD), externalizing disorders (ADHD and conduct disorder), and transdiagnostic concepts (impulsivity and perceived stress). Significant methodological limitations were noted. Conclusions Youth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems (compared to non-use) across several domains, particularly among adolescents. Since many existing studies are cross-sectional, directionality remains uncertain. Well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequalae of EC use remain needed.

IntroductionPsychogenic Polydipsia is defined as the desire to drink liquid in big quantities with an inappropriate activation of the mechanisms of thirst without loss of liquid for urine. This disorder is frequent enough and can derive in a water poisoning, a clinical presentation of high mortality.ObjectiveReview of the Psychogenic Polydipsia in patients with schizophrenia and theoretical discussion of a case report.MethodsA case report of a 58-year-old male, admitted in hospital with a clinical presentation of hyponatremia with severe low serum osmolarity secondary to Psychogenic Polydipsia. As psychiatric history he has a diagnosis of Paranoid Schizophrenia for forty years in treatment with Paliperidone 6 mg: 1-0-0, Haloperidol 10 mg: 0-0-0.5, Quetiapina 300 mg: 0-0-1, Trazodona 100 mg: 0-0-1, Ketazolam 30 mg: 0-0-1, Diazepam 10 mg: 0-0-1.DiscussionPsychogenic Polydipsia is not included in any section of current psychiatric classifications as specific diagnosis. There are several psychiatric disorders that may present with psychogenic polydipsia; however, the most common cause appears to be schizophrenia.ConclusionsMechanisms of hyponatremia in patients with schizophrenia are not well clarified; nevertheless, dopamine seems to be the common link between psychogenic polydipsia and schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The aim of the study was to describe the psychopharmacological treatments received by inpatients diagnosed with spectrum disorders schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in Dr. Rodriguez Lafora Hospital. It is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. We collected information about patients aged 18 to 64 who were hospitalized during the month of January of 2015 in the acute psychiatric hospitalization by Selene software. We reviewed treatments and number of psychiatric re-hospitalization six months later and we analyzed the results by SPSS software. From a sample of 51 inpatients, 15 of them were diagnosed with disorders of the spectrum of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Of the patients, 13.3% was treated with haloperidol, 26.7% with olanzapine, 26.7% with risperidone although it was modified by paliperidone in mental health center, 6.7% with quetiapine, 6.7% with amisulpride, 13.3% with oral paliperidone and 13.3% patients with intramuscular paliperidone. Of these, 40% are readmitted to hospital. Patients were readmitted due to ineffectiveness and adverse effects of haloperidol, olanzapine, risperidone. 73.3% of inpatients were treated with monotherapy. Of the patients, 26.7% were treated with polytherapy, who received olanzapine, risperidone and amisulpride. It would be important to use psychoactive substances that allow monotherapy to reduce adverse effects and psychiatric re-hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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