Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming in Indonesia is faced with several challenges in the environmental, economic, and social aspects. Therefore, this study aims to assess the benefits of novel nanobubble aeration systems for the ecosystem, businesses, and communities. This is an experimental study conducted by comparing P. vannamei post larva 10 reared at a density of 2000 inds./L in a pond treated with nanobubble and without treatments (control). Furthermore, the Net Present Value (NPV) and payback period were calculated to assess the economic feasibility of nanobubble, while community interviews were used for the social sectors. Based on the results, environmental wastes of shrimp farming in form of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were reduced by 9% from 2.58 mg/l (95%CI: 0,91, 4,25) in control compared to 2.35 mg/l (95%CI: 0,86, 3,84) in treatment. Furthermore, the revenues from post larva sales for five years and nanobubble investment costs showed that the estimated NPV was IDR 64,824,374 with a payback period of 1.7 years. The interviews on traditional shrimp farming showed that 61.1% to 72.2% of community members agreed on the use of nanobubble aeration to support livelihoods. Therefore, the use of nanobubbles is feasible to support sustainable P. vannamei farming.

Abstract. Takarina ND, Utomo SW, Susanti L, Rochman NT, Cahyadi D, Junaedi H, Saputra HKH, Saputra RN. 2020. Phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble aerated shrimp farming at Probolinggo coast, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5906-5914. Phytoplankton is known as an important factor in shrimp farming and its abundance and biodiversity are varied. Nanobubble aeration is one of current aquaculture treatments used in brackish water shrimp ponds. This study aimed to investigate phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble and control ponds within 21-day observation period. The measured water quality parameters were dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2-, pH, salinity, temperature, and water clarity. Data analysis includes calculation of abundance and biodiversity using Shannon-Wiener (H’) index and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 11 phytoplankton species from 5 divisions was recorded. The results show increasing trends in phytoplankton abundance, species, and H’. In pond with nanobubble, H’ increased from 0.322 (95%CI: 0.074-0.718) to 0.561 (95%CI: 0.208-0.916) after 21 days, while in control pond, H’ increased from 0.199 (95%CI: 0.000-0.520) to 0.326 (95%CI: 0.000-0.683). In the nanobubble pond, species showing increasing trend in abundance were Pleurosigma sp., Nitzchia sp., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Microcystis sp. Whereas, species showing a declining abundance trend were Chlorella sp. and Amphora sp. According to PCA, phytoplankton abundance was positively correlated with pH, water clarity, DO, NO2-, and negative correlation with salinity, temperature, and NH4+.

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Intensification is part of modern shrimp farming technology, feed, and high stocking density. High density could save time and production costs. This research aimed to determine the optimal tolerance of shrimp larvae with high stocking density per bag unit without oxygen liquid in terms of environmental physiology (ecophysiology) and economic feasibility aspects (bioeconomics). The shrimp larvae used were post-larvae 10 with a weight of 0.0026 ± 0.0021 g, which were previously fasted. The method used was a simulation of a three-hour trip with treatments: 200 larvae/packing (control), 400 larvae/packing, and 600 larvae/packing. The treatment for each packing was 450 ml of water and oxygen gas and added ice cubes in each styrofoam during delivery at night. The results showed that the stocking density of 600 larvae/packing had the best value. In terms of ecophysiology, the survival rate was highest when arriving at the location, with 98.20% of total larvae. The lowest oxygen consumption in the metabolic process was 0.76 ± 0.10 mg/L. Reviewing a bioeconomic, the potential profit per packing reaches IDR 995,528. It can be concluded that the use of oxygen gas and the addition of ice cubes in transportation increased the survival of shrimp larvae.

Density in shrimp farming is closely related to the dissolved oxygen needs, this can be overcome one of them through aeration technology to increase dissolved oxygen in the waters. Economic activities in the form of shrimp benur packaging is also an important thing because the safety of benur to consumers becomes a benchmark for the success of farmers in distributing their products so as to support the increase in the level of profit obtained. The aim of this study is to evaluate the opportunity of applying simple aeration technology on the transportation of closed short-range shrimp benur, bioeconomic aspect and oxygen consumed/post larvae. The method in this study is divided into several series, the first weighing weight of the benur is post larvae 10 with average a weight of 0,0026 ± 0,0021 g/larvae. The second is the preparation of raw water with aeration or bubbling type aeration technology. The third is by providing benur with research treatment into plastic bags and the last is short distance transportation process. The treatment applied is 200 post larvae/bag, 400 larvae/bag and 600 larvae/bag with a volume of 450 ml. The results showed that all treatments do not differ significantly both in terms of water quality, oxygen consumption rate and survival rate (sintasan), but in the bioeconomic count of treatment with a density of 600 larvae/bags in 450 ml of water showed the largest net profit of Rp45 753 000 compared to other treatments in the value of the profit including bonuses of a number of larvae if there is a death of larvae during the trip. ABSTRAKKepadatan dalam budidaya udang erat kaitannya dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigen terlarut, hal ini bisa diatasi salah satunya melalui teknologi aerasi untuk meningkatkan oksigen terlarut pada perairan. Kegiatan ekonomi berupa pengemasan benur udang juga menjadi hal penting karena keselamatan benur ke konsumen menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan pembudidaya dalam mendistribusikan produknya sehingga dapat mendukung kenaikan level keuntungan yang diperoleh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi peluang penerapan teknologi aerasi sederhana pada transportasi tertutup benur udang jarak pendek, aspek bioekonomi dan kebutuhan oksigen yang dikonsumsi/ekor benur udang. Metode dalam penelitian ini terbagi dalam beberapa rangkaian, pertama penimbangan bobot benur yakni post larvae 10 dengan bobot 0,0026 ± 0,0021 g/ekor. Kedua yakni persiapan air baku dengan teknologi aerasi jenis gelembung atau bubbling. Ketiga yakni dengan penyediaan benur dengan perlakuan penelitian ke dalam kantong plastik dan terakhir yakni proses transportasi jarak pendek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata baik dari segi kualitas air, tingkat konsumsi oksigen maupun tingkat kelangsungan hidup (sintasan), namun pada hitungan bioekonomi perlakuan dengan kepadatan 600 ekor/kantong dalam 450 ml air menunjukkan keuntungan bersih terbesar yakni Rp45 753 000 dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya yang didalam nilai laba tersebut sudah termasuk bonus sejumlah benur jika ada kematian benur selama di perjalanan.