Highlights d RGR opsin and Rdh10 convert atROL to 11cROL upon exposure to visible light d Normal mouse retinas maintain cone sensitivity during exposure to background light d RgrÀ/À mouse retinas progressively lose cone sensitivity during light exposure d Treatment of normal mouse retinas with a M€ uller cell toxin replicates the RgrÀ/À phenotype

The possibility that the luteotrophic effect of hysterectomy in the pseudopregnant rat is due to a decreased release of luteinizing hormone (LH) was investigated. The problem was approached indirectly by measuring pituitary LH concentration (Ovarian Ascorbic Acid Depletion Assay) (OAAD) in intact and hysterectomized pseudopregnant rats killed on various days of pseudopregnancy. Values obtained in the two groups were not significantly different. The size of the interstitial cells in the ovaries of the two groups of pseudopregnant rats was also not significantly different. The results do not offer support to the hypothesis that the uterus affects the secretion of LH, but rather suggest that it has a direct effect on the corpora lutea.

Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are transforming many commercial and academic areas, including feature extraction, autonomous driving, computational linguistics, and voice recognition. These new technologies are now having a significant effect in radiography, forensics, and many other areas where the accessibility of automated systems may improve the precision and repeatability of essential job performance. In this systematic review, we begin by providing a short overview of the different methods that are currently being developed, with a particular emphasis on those utilized in biomedical studies.

Hospital of Pittsburgh. A t f i r s t doubted, then a t t r i b u t e d t o abnormal stimulationand f i n a l l y only recently confirmed, f e t a l breathing movements apparently do occur normally i n utero.There i s general agreement, however, t h a t these movements a r e not expansive enough t o c l e a r t h e respiratory dead space. I n t h e present study, 1 2 5~-l a b e l e d human albumin, 5 1~r -l a b e l e d rabbit erythrocytes and 8 5~r -l a b e l e d polystyrene microspheres 15 my i n diameter were injected e i t h e r singly o r i n combination i n t o t h e amniotic f l u i d of r a b b i t f e t u s e s near term. The i n j e c t i o n s were done v i a hysterotomy i n c i s i o n s under xylocaine s p i n a l anesthesia. Three t o 24 hours l a t e r , t h e fetuses were delivered by hysterotokotomy. All f e t a l organs were assayed f o r radioactivity, and where appropriate, sectioned f o r l i g h t microscopy. Each of the labeled materials was found regularly i n t h e f e t a l lungs and g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l t r a c t , t h e microspheres being visualized i n a l v e o l a r ducts and a l v e o l i and i n t h e i n t e s t i n a l lumen. Radiolabeled albumin injected i n t o t h e amniotic f l u i d of 3 human conceptuses a t 1 3 t o 15 weeks of gestation was a l s o found i n f e t a l lungs and gastroi n t e s t i n a l t r a c t when delivered by therapeutic hysterotokotomy 5 hours l a t e r . I n t e r e s t i n g l y , the human f e t u s a t 3 t o 4 months of gestation swallows approximately half of t h e amniotic f l u i d volume per day. The data suggest a normal penetration of amniotic f l u i d i n t o t h e pulmonary passages a s f a r a s t h e alveolar ducts and alveoli. Body composition has been studied i n uremia t o assess state o f n u t r i t i o n and hydration. However, compositional d a t a , c h i e f l y gathered by measurement of f l u i d canpartments, has not been c o l l a t e d with actual organ weights. This was studied in young, growing male Sprague-Dawley rats made uremic (average BUN 100mg%) by p a r t i a l nephr%$omy. Extrac e l l u l a r f l u i d volume (ECV), determined by Br and t o t a l body water (TBW), detennined by H30, were measured and animals s a c r i f i c e d f o r renoval of adrenals, b r a i n s , h e a r t s , kidneys, livers, and r i g h t paravertebral muscles. Uremic rats weighed less than control r a t s (279gm vs 311gmR). ECF and h e a r t s i z e were r e l a t i v e l y g r e a t e r i n uremic animals (25.2% vs 22.6%**; 0.0816gm 0.0687gmX*+), probably indicating an effect on t h e cardiovascular system of urenia even when m d e r a t e . Absolute i n t r a c e l l u l a r f l u i d volune (TEW-ECV) (133cc vs 144cc), l i v e r ( 2 . 9 8~ vs 3.60gmf), mscle mass a s r e f l e c t e d by 24 hr u r i n e c r e a t i n i n e (8.26ngm v s 9.7hgm *), +dry organ weights reportedLorenzo C. Aschinberg, Olli Koskimies, Jay Bernstein, Martin A. Idash. Chester M. Edelmann. J r . , and Adrian S~i t z e r , Albert Einstein College of M...