This study investigates the effect of trade openness on income inequality using the panel system generalised method of moments (GMM). The sample countries consist of 65 developed and developing countries and the time period covers from 1984 to 2012. This study also provides new evidence that sheds light on the role of institutional quality in influencing the effectof trade openness on income inequality. The empirical results reveal that trade openness tends to increase income inequality. In addition, the marginal effect also revealed that institutional quality has a corrective effect on the trade openness – income inequality nexus.

We provide fresh evidence on the effect of corruption on energy efficiency and its regional heterogeneity in China by using a dynamic quantile panel regression model. We find that: (1) there are large differences in energy efficiency across Chinese provinces; (2) corruption significantly dampens energy efficiency at the national level, while the effect is heterogeneous at the regional level.

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