Coniothyrium minitans (Cm) is a mycoparasite of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss). Ss produces a virulence factor oxalic acid (OA) which is toxic to plants and also to Cm, and Cm detoxifies OA by degradation. In this study, two oxalate decarboxylase genes, Cmoxdc1 and Cmoxdc2, were cloned from Cm strain Chy-1. OA and low pH induced expression of Cmoxdc1, but not Cmoxdc2. Cmoxdc1 was partially responsible for OA degradation, whereas Cmoxdc2 had no effect on OA degradation. Disruption of Cmoxdc1 in Cm reduced its ability to infect Ss in dual cultures where OA accumulated. Compared with Chy-1, the Cmoxdc1-disrupted mutants had reduced expression levels of two mycoparasitism-related genes chitinase (Cmch1) and β-1,3-glucanase (Cmg1), and had no detectable activity of extracellular proteases in the presence of OA. On the other hand, the cultural filtrates of the Cmoxdc1-disrupted mutants in OA-amended media showed enhanced antifungal activity, possibly because of increased production of antifungal substances under acidic pH condition resulted from reduced Cmoxdc1-mediated OA degradation. This study provides direct genetic evidence of OA degradation regulating mycoparasitism and antibiosis of Cm against Ss, and sheds light on the sophisticated strategies of Cm in interacting with metabolically active mycelia and dormant sclerotia of Ss.

No abstract

In this paper, high reliable a-IGZO TFT gate driving circuit was designed. Series-connected two-transistor (STT) structure and dual low-voltage-level power signal (Vss) were used to solve the initial negative Vth of IGZO TFTs. Special pull-down holding part was designed for wider Vth shift window during panel operation. The Vth shift margin of this proposed GOA design is from -5V to +9V by using Eldo-Spice simulation system. In addition, the pullup control part could also play a role to pull the Q node voltage down and it is helpful for narrow border design. Finally, a 31-in. 8K4K 287-ppi TFT-LCD was successfully demonstrated based on the study above.

A high reliable amorphous silicon gate driver with shared dual pull-down units is proposed and fabricated for large-sized TFT-LCD applications. A special unit in the driver is designed to generate bipolar pulse bias for low-level holding TFTs to suppress the threshold voltage shift, which achieves 40.5% and 34.8% improvement compared with conventional DC and unipolar pulse bias respectively according to measurement results.Author Keywords gate driver; bipolar pulse bias; shared dual pull-down units. P-12 / Z. Hu • SID 2014 DIGEST

No abstract