Improving green development efficiency is urgently required, yet challenging, since it comprehensively reflects the bidirectional evolutionary relationship between regional development and resource and environmental consumption. The issue of regional green development efficiency has become a key topic; however, where the increase in efficiency originates and its spatial spillover effect remains unclear to date. Therefore, the spatial spillover effect of the green development efficiency of Shandong Province was quantified through the slack variable (SBM)‐Undesirable and Spatial Durbin model. The green development efficiency showed clear spatial differentiation in Shandong Province. This was more obvious than the polarized development trend of the provincial capital circle that has Jinan at its core and the eastern coastal region with Qingdao at its core. Green development efficiency has a significant spatial spillover effect. The regression coefficient of the direct effect of the economic development level is positive. The regression coefficient of the indirect effect of the marketization level and government financial support level is negative. Science and technology played a positive role in the promotion of the green development efficiency of local and neighboring cities. This study contributes empirical evidence to the green development efficiency associated with regional development and resource and environment consumption of Shandong Province.

The stiffness of cells, especially cancer cells, is a key mechanical property that is closely associated with their biomechanical functions, such as the mechanotransduction and the metastasis mechanisms of cancer cells. In light of the low survival rate of single cells and measurement uncertainty, the finite element method (FEM) was used to quantify the deformations and predict the stiffness of single cells. To study the effect of the cell components on overall stiffness, two new FEM models were proposed based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation method. The geometric sizes of the FEM models were determined by AFM topography images, and the validity of the FEM models was verified by comparison with experimental data. The effect of the intermediate filaments (IFs) and material properties of the cellular continuum components on the overall stiffness were investigated. The experimental results showed that the stiffness of cancer cells has apparent positional differences. The FEM simulation results show that IFs contribute only slightly to the overall stiffness within 10% strain, although they can transfer forces directly from the membrane to the nucleus. The cytoskeleton (CSK) is the major mechanical component of a cell. Furthermore, parameter studies revealed that the material properties (thickness and elasticity) of the continuum have a significant influence on the overall cellular stiffness while Poisson’s ratio has less of an influence on the overall cellular stiffness. The proposed FEM models can determine the contribution of the major components of the cells to the overall cellular stiffness and provide insights for understanding the response of cells to the external mechanical stimuli and studying the corresponding mechanical mechanisms and cell biomechanics.

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In the recent years, small punch testing (SPT) techniques has made great progress in China. The SPT was studied to estimate the tensile properties, the fracture toughness and ductile-to brittle transition temperature, and the creep behavior. In 2012, a standard of small punch testing was issued in China and the application of SPT in power generation and petrochemical industry has become a prime candidate. The present paper concentrates on progress of technique and standardization and industrial acceptance in assessing the structure integrity in China. China has carried out close cooperation with Material & Metallurgical research Ltd in Czech to compare Standards between China and EU code. The size of specimen and jig was researched and compared each other. The influence of jig and test machine was researched and improved the specific requirement of jig and test machine. The evolution of stress state of deformation process of specimen in SPT was clarified. The results showed that at initial stage the elastic bending stress is predominant and then the stress state dominated by membrane stress with the decreasing of elastic bending stress and the increasing of punch displacement. The reason for introducing the specimen thickness h2 to the equation for correlating yield load of SPT with yield strength, and the reason for introducing specimen thickness h to equation for correlating the maximum load of SPT with tensile strength were provided respectively. The correlation equation of ductile to brittle transition temperature and SPT energy transition temperature TSP was established and it was successfully used to evaluate embrittlement of hydrogenation reactor. Small punch creep testing by reverse finite element simulation was carried out and used to evaluate the creep life in power generation industry. Fracture toughness and Master curve using SPT by reverse finite element simulation combined with local approach was studied.