Landslide monitoring is critical for predicting the stability of slopes to ensure the safety of life and property. Considering the potential advantages of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, resistance to hostile environments, light weight, and high measurement precision and real time response, a self-designed, FBG-based in situ inclinometer combining a traditional inclinometer and FBG technology was designed to monitor the inner deformation of a slope. In practical landslide monitoring, the inclinometer can be regarded as a cantilever beam with one end fixed. Based on the deflection curve equation of a normal beam and the composite Simpson integral equation, a theoretical deflection equation of the FBG-based inclinometer versus longitudinal strain was established. A FBG-based inclinometer was fabricated and calibrated in the laboratory and a calibration strain sensitivity coefficient was obtained. The results of calibration tests show that the displacements measured by dial indicators are in good agreement with the theoretical displacements calculated using the proposed equation. A series of FBG-based inclinometers were installed into three vertical boreholes located at different points on the profile of an actual reinforced slope. The in situ monitoring results show that the FBG-based inclinometer can effectively capture the real-time internal displacements and potential sliding surface of the slope, proving the validity of the proposed theoretical equation as well the reliability and practicality of the proposed FBG-based inclinometer in engineering applications.

Processing chamber is important part of high-frequency electromagnetic, water processor, In order to determine what kind of processing chamber has better effect to the anti-scal, the paper simulates electromagnetic energy distribution in two common processing chambers by using the software Ansoft Maxwell, which is based on the finite element method. One processing chamber is set with coaxial electrodes and the other one is wrapped by spirals, both are composed by high-frequency electromagnetic pulses. According to the simulation data, electromagnetic energy of processing chamber with coaxial electrodes is much bigger than that of spiral wrapped process chamber. Meanwhile, a mini–circulating water system is built and water quality experiments are completed. Analysis results from experimental data illustrate that two kinds of processing chambers under high-frequency pulsed field have anti-scaling effects, but the processing chamber with coaxial electrodes is much better.

There is no known cause of interstitial cystitis (IC), a condition characterized by chronic pelvic floor pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. It is difficult to diagnose IC; diagnosis can only be made by conducting multiple tests and ruling out other similar conditions. In this study, we aimed to build a model for IC diagnosis and provide a new method for IC identification. Gene expression was analyzed in IC and normal bladder tissues to understand the immune infiltration characteristics of IC. Subsequently, 106 differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) were identified. We build a protein-protein interaction network and performed enrichment analyses to unveil the functional associations of the identified DEIRGs. Using machine learning, we screened key disease characteristic genes (S100A8, S100A12, FABP5) and constructed an effective random forest model to identify IC patients. Immunohistochemical analysis and validation in the extra test cohort are used to prove the effectiveness of the model. Compared with normal tissues, IC shows increased infiltration of immune cells, suggesting that IC is characterized by a high level of immune activation. The strong correlation between S100A8 and S100A12 and neutrophils reiterated the importance of neutrophils in IC. The constructed random forest model based on the identified three characteristic genes S100A8, S100A12, and FABP5 is effective in identifying IC (AUC = 1). As expected, in bladder tissue, the levels of S100A8 and S100A12 were significantly increase, while that of FABP5 was significantly decreased in the IC. The extra test cohort also proved the effectiveness of the constructed model (AUC = 0.725).