Knowledge sharing performance is very important to evaluate the interests of industry university research alliance. Firstly, this paper puts forward the index system of knowledge sharing performance evaluation of industry university research alliance. A BP neural network (BPNN) and a PSO-improved BP neural network (PSO-BPNN) are used to establish the evaluation model, and the accuracy of the model is evaluated. The prediction accuracy is evaluated by comparing the predicted value with the target value. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the performance evaluation model based on PSO-BP neural network has high accuracy and applicability, and is an effective method of alliance knowledge sharing performance evaluation.