Use of spectral CT with fast tube voltage switching may increase the sensitivity for differentiating small hemangiomas from small HCCs in two-phase scanning.

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Abstract-Energy efficiency has gained its significance when service providers' operational costs burden with the rapidly growing data traffic demand in cellular networks. In this paper, we propose an energy efficiency model for Poisson-Voronoi tessellation (PVT) cellular networks considering spatial distributions of traffic load and power consumption. The spatial distributions of traffic load and power consumption are derived for a typical PVT cell, and can be directly extended to the whole PVT cellular network based on the Palm theory. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of PVT cellular networks is evaluated by taking into account traffic load characteristics, wireless channel effects and interference. Both numerical and Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the energy efficiency model in PVT cellular networks. These simulation results demonstrate that there exist maximal limits for energy efficiency in PVT cellular networks for given wireless channel conditions and user intensity in a cell.

• Spectral computed tomography may help the detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma. • Monochromatic energy levels of 40-70 keV increase the sensitivity for detection. • Prospective study showed that monochromatic imaging provides greater diagnostic confidence. • Monochromatic energy level of 70 keV improves the overall image quality.