Industrial pollution has caused serious human health risk because the pollutants can be accumulated in human body via multi routes in a long term, especially in areas of rapid industrialization. It is of great importance to obtain the pollutants' information, including the transport routes and spatial distribution in the various environmental media of different sub-regions, to facilitate more accurate risk assessment and more effective risk management in urban ecosystems. In this article, we proposed a research framework of urban ecological risk assessment method, which combines the multimedia fugacity model, the multiroute exposure model, exposure-risk relationships and geographic information system (GIS). An urban ecological risk assessment of a hypothetical region indicates that it is possible and feasible to introduce GIS into the previous method to satisfy the requirements of risk management. The assessment results can be further utilized for industrial pollution emission control.

Ecological compensation uses economic incentive to address water conservation issues. Stakeholders preference should be considered seriously during the eco-compensation policy making. To that end, the contingent valuation method (CVM) has been widely preferred for its non-market valuation in the process of eco-compensation standard confirmation. In this paper, the research was focused on the changing of individual willingness to accept eco-compensation over years using CVM. With the case study of Miyun Reservoir, China, the changes of residents WTA and key socioeconomic variables were gauged respectively according to two-period investigation in 2008 and 2012. The results showed that the average value of Miyun Reservoir residents WTA was decreasing, and the job and attitude to environment of respondents became the significant predictors of WTA to water conservation during the past 5 years.