Experimental compositions were prepared by the additions of ulexite concentrator waste to a standard wall tile body sintered at different temperatures. Tests of linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, and fired bending strength (eğilme mukavemeti) were done. XRD analyses were conducted to determine major crystalline phases in wall tile bodies. SEM-EDX analyses were performed to study the microstructural evolution of the standard and experimental wall tile bodies. Colorimetric analyses were also made. The wall tile body containing 5 weight percent ulexite concentrator waste fired at 925 o C for 6 minutes was determined to be the optimal composition with 0.60% of linear firing shrinkage, 17.66% of water absorption, and 208.60 of kg/cm 2 fired bending strength (eğilme mukavemeti). Sintering temperature was reduced from 1182 o C of industrial practice down to 925 o C. Utilization of ulexite concentrator waste in tile bodies will help reduce energy costs in favour of the environment and economy. ÖzÜleksit konsantratör atığının standard duvar karosu bünyesine katılması ve değişik sıcaklıklarda sinterleşmesiyle deneysel numuneler hazırlanmıştır. Doğrusal pişme küçülmesi, su absorpsiyonu ve pişme bükülme testleri yapılmıştır. X-ışınları kırınım analizleri duvar karolarının kristal fazlarını tayin etmekte; SEM-EDX analizleri standard ve deneysel duvar karolarının mikro yapılarındaki değişimlerin anlaşılmasında kullanılmıştır. Renk analizleri de gerçekleştirilmiştir. 925°C de 6 dakika pişirilen %5 üleksit konsantratör atığı %0.6 doğrusal pişme küçülmesi, %17.66 su emme ve 208.6 kg/cm 2 pişme bükülmesi değerleriyle optimum konsantratör atık derişimi olarak belirlenmiştir. Endüstriyel üretimde 1182°C olan sinterleşme sıcaklığı 925°C'ye düşürülmüştür. Üleksit konsantratör atığının duvar karolarında kullanımı enerji maliyetlerini düşürmeye yardım ederek ekonomi ve çevreye yarar sağlayacaktır.
In this work, the effect of quebracho bark (QB) on the physical and chemical properties of opaque glaze/glazes (OG) was investigated. Various ratios (0.25-10 weight percent) of quebracho bark were incorporated into the glazes to obtain experimental glaze recipes and melting temperatures of the glaze compositions were calculated through the fluxing factors of the oxides present in the glazes. Thereafter, the glaze compositions were fired at the calculated temperature value of 1100°C. Viscosity, thixotropy and pH tests were conducted on OG and OG+QB glaze suspensions. Standard coloring analyses, crazing resistance, impact resistance, resistance to acid and alkalis, water absorption, firing strength, and surface hardness tests were conducted. After establishing the Seger formulas, surface tensions of the glazes were calculated by making use of the molar surface tension factors of the oxides already present in the glaze compositions at the same sintering temperature of 1100°C. QB additions decreased the viscosity and standard thixotropy values of the OG and had no significant effect on the pH of the OG slurry. On the other hand, QB additions caused an increase in the whiteness (opacity) of the OG. No crazing and impact fractures were observed on the glaze surfaces. Furthermore, the glaze surfaces showed good resistance to acid and alkalis. On QB incorporation, water absorption decreased in all the experimental glazes. Firing strength and surface hardness increased with increasing QB content. According to the experimental results, 5 weight percent (wt. %) QB addition was found to be the optimum amount.
Bu çalışmada, duvar karosu opak sır (DKOS) reçetesine farklı oranlarda katılan fosfojips (FJ) in pişirme öncesi seramik çamurdaki etkileri viskozite, tiksotropi ve yoğunluk testleri incelenmiştir. Daldırma yöntemiyle hazırlanmış sırlı karolar 950, 1050, 1150°C de ayrı ayrı pişirilmiştir. Çarpmaya, ısıl şoka, kimyasallara dayanım ve renk testlerine tabi tutularak fiziksel özellikleri araştırılmıştır. DKOS1 örneği ile opak sırın akıcılığı artmış ve 1150°C pişirim sonrası tüm mekanik testler olumlu sonuçlanmıştır. FJ in sır reçetesine katılmasının geri dönüştürülmesi açısından uygun bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür.
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