Hyphae, 2 to 8 days postinoculation (dpi), and haustoria, 5 dpi, were isolated from Uromyces appendiculatus infected bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto 111) and a separate cDNA library prepared for each fungal preparation. Approximately 10,000 hyphae and 2,700 haustoria clones were sequenced from both the 5' and 3' ends. Assembly of all of the fungal sequences yielded 3,359 contigs and 927 singletons. The U. appendiculatus sequences were compared with sequence data for other rust fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Uromyces fabae, and Puccinia graminis. The U. appendiculatus haustoria library included a large number of genes with unknown cellular function; however, summation of sequences of known cellular function suggested that haustoria at 5 dpi had fewer transcripts linked to protein synthesis in favor of energy metabolism and nutrient uptake. In addition, open reading frames in the U. appendiculatus data set with an N-terminal signal peptide were identified and compared with other proteins putatively secreted from rust fungi. In this regard, a small family of putatively secreted RTP1-like proteins was identified in U. appendiculatus and P. graminis.

Drought stress, a major abiotic stress adversely effects crop growth and yield. Tepary bean was identified as one of the drought adapted legumes for arid and semi-arid regions. Drought responsive functional genes in tepary bean were identified through current investigation. The complementary DNAs (cDNAs) prepared from leaf messenger RNA (mRNA) of three Journal of Agricultural Studies ISSN 2166-0379 2016 www.macrothink.org/jas 56 genotypes ( #10, #15 and #20) were sequenced using 454, and 54,165 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were generated and functionally annotated.Results: A total of 18523, 16190 and 19452 unique ESTs respectively from cDNA libraries from genotype #10, genotype #15 and genotype #20 had significant hits to NCBI's non redundant protein database (e value < 1e-05). All the ESTs were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms and drought related genes were identified. A total of 2922 microsatellite markers were designed and 648 were selected for testing and 538 were successfully amplified and were polymorphic. Conclusion:The new EST resource provides more gene sequence information compared to the previously developed 700 ESTs for drought stress. The polymorphic microsatellite markers identified will be used to characterize the tepary bean germplasm for various traits of importance and select superior lines.Keywords: Drought, ESTs, Simple Sequence Repeats, SSRs, putative genes, Phaseolus BackgroundTepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius, Fabaceae), native to the southwestern United States & Mexico, was a major item of trade with the agrarian tribes of the pueblos of the southwest, such as the Papago, Zuni, Hopi, Pima, and others. It is much more drought-resistant than common beans and is grown in desert and semi-desert conditions from Arizona through Mexico to Costa Rica. Tepary bean seed has excellent nutritional value (Bhardwaj and Hamama, 2004, Blair et al., 2010, Narina et al., 2014, 2015 including anticancer and antidiabetic properties.The research on tepary bean is gaining momentum since 2002 in Virginia (Bhardwaj et al., 2002 andBhardwaj, 2002) due to increase in human consumption (Scheerens et al., 1983), its economical and nutritional values (Narina et al., 2014(Narina et al., , & 2015. Drought studies are in progress in locations like Nebraska and Virginia to screen drought tolerant varieties (Narina et al., 2012) for food, feed and forage ( Bhardwaj, 2013) and utilize these traits by introgression through breeding practices, to develop improved varieties with drought tolerance in common bean as well as in tepary bean (Urea, 2009).There are several mechanisms like drought avoidance, escape and tolerance observed in tepary bean (Mohamed et al., 2002 and, and in general used by plants for survival in adverse environments such as drought, high temperature and salinity. Wild common bean can be used as a source for exploitation of variation for drought tolerance (Cortes et al., 2013). One of the inevitable consequences of drought stress is enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production ...