Cardiovascular disease risk factors are common among adults with ID and clinicians should proactively screen such populations. Provision of free and convenient screening for cardiovascular disease risk improved screening participation.

Background The leading cause of death in Mongolia are diseases of circulatory system. Serum lipids and lipoproteins are implicated as risk factors for coronary artery disease. MethodsFasting morning blood samples were collected from 436 adults 25-64 years of age from Ulaanbaatar and four provinces of the country. The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C were determined using photometric systems. ResultsThe mean serum total cholesterol concentration was 5.03 mmol/L and 11.0% of the surveyed had raised blood cholesterol. The overall mean serum level of triglycerides was 1.63 mmol/L (14.7% had raised triglycerides), of LDL-C was 3.53 mmol/L (22.7% had elevated LDL-C) and of HDL-C was 1.59 mmol/L (4.4% had low level of HDL-C). There were no signifi cant differences in the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C between males and females, smokers and nonsmokers, heavy episodic drinkers and non-drinkers and adults with high level of physical activity and those who do not engage in vigorous activity. The mean LDL-C concentration was lower in females than in males and in adults with high level of physical activity, but the differences in the LDL-C level between drinkers and non-drinkers and smokers and non-smokers were not signifi cant. No correlations were found between the levels of the blood lipoproteins of the surveyed and their Body Mass Index (BMI) values as well as their blood pressure levels.Conclusion 8.5% of the Mongolian adults had two and 2.3% had three blood lipoproteins at the increased risk level.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and assess the awareness, adherence and of and control of hypertension among the healthcare employees in a rural district, Malaysia.

Introduction: Little is known about the sociodemographic and clinical profile of older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Singapore. We studied the sociodemographic and clinical profile of older adults with ID and investigated factors associated with caregiver availability and identity in this population. Materials and Methods: The study population involved all adults with ID aged ≥40 years receiving services from the Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS), the largest such provider in Singapore. Information on sociodemographic and clinical profiles, functional status, and availability of caregivers were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires from guardians of older adults with ID. Descriptive characteristics were computed and chi-square and logistic regression identified predictors of caregiver availability and identity. Results: Participation was 95% (227/239). There were differences in client age, gender, and caregiver availability between recipients of residential and non-residential services (all P <0.05). Common comorbidities included hyperlipidaemia (17.6%), hypertension (15.9%), psychiatric diagnoses (16.3%) and epilepsy (10.6%). The majority were fully independent in basic activities of daily living, but only 21.1% were fully communicative. Only a small minority (9.4%) were exercising regularly. The majority (73.5%) of clients had a primary caregiver; almost equal proportions relied on either parents or siblings. Older client age was associated independently with the lack of a primary caregiver, independent of greater functional dependence and presence of medical comorbidities in the client. Conclusion: Older adults with ID have multiple medical, functional, and social issues. More can be done to support the care of this unique group of adults with special needs. Key words: Caregiver, Clinical profile, Functional status, Intellectual disabilities