Faulty mechanics during dynamic movement that cause excessive valgus force at the knee increases the risk of ACL injury. Faulty mechanics may be a result of lateral displacement of the trunk, unequal limb loading, and lack of control to avoid the valgus knee position. Altered movements that place the ACL at risk are best identified in a fatigued state; however, could be recognized in a standard dynamic assessment. The faulty movement patterns are modifiable and should be addressed in an injury prevention program. Prevention programs include various modes of exercise such as plyometrics, neuromuscular training, and strength training. This review concludes that those programs which utilize neuromuscular training and strength training at a young age show the most promise in reducing ACL injuries. An ongoing thorough dynamic examination is necessary for all athletes while adjusting the intervention program in order to decrease the risk of ACL injury.

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Introduction. Within many physical therapy education programs, service learning is essential to student development and often complements the institutional priorities of serving the community. Service learning experiences vary from local, institution-hosted clinics to international experiences. Although the benefits of service learning to the students and community have been widely reported, it is also important to appreciate the cost to implement and support a service learning clinic within an academic department. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost of running a student-run free physical therapy clinic for estimated labor costs calculated as wage opportunity cost, quantify equipment and infrastructure cost per patient, estimate facility cost, and derive an estimated cost of care delivery per patient. Methods. This retrospective study reviewed patient charts and clinic data from a student-run free clinic between January 2013 and December 2014. Both total outgoing cost and potential total cost were determined for this study. The total outgoing cost was determined by calculating equipment cost and cost of liability insurance. The potential total cost was determined by calculating volunteer hours, facility cost, and outgoing clinic costs. Results. In the 2-year study period, the clinic incurred a potential total cost of $68,405.40. However, the total outgoing cost of the clinic was $1,993.23 for 253 patient visits, which gives the clinic an average cost per visit of $7.64. Discussion/Conclusion. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a student-run, free physical therapy clinic through monetized gain for the community while enhancing students' skills. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a method to capture quantifiable monetary cost and benefit to program stakeholders and the community.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-intensity exercise boxing has an effect on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Fifteen (male: n = 10; female: n = 5) participants with PD completed biweekly high-intensity boxing sessions for 6 weeks. Outcome measures for sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depression were taken at baseline, posttraining (7 weeks), and 12 weeks. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine changes in sleep and depression. Participation in a 6-week high-intensity boxing program significantly decreased depression, as well as showed trends of improved sleep quality and decreased daytime sleepiness.